diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 032bf9d..29111bc 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 language: php
 
-phps:
-  - 5.2
+php:
   - 5.3
   - 5.4
 
diff --git a/application/config/autoload.php b/application/config/autoload.php
index e8c9993..b3e63cb 100644
--- a/application/config/autoload.php
+++ b/application/config/autoload.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
diff --git a/application/config/config.php b/application/config/config.php
index 2ffbb66..2628885 100644
--- a/application/config/config.php
+++ b/application/config/config.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
diff --git a/application/config/constants.php b/application/config/constants.php
index fce1013..d22d296 100644
--- a/application/config/constants.php
+++ b/application/config/constants.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
 | Display Debug backtrace
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
-| If set to TRUE, a backtrace will be displayed along with php errors. If 
-| error_reporting is disabled, the backtrace will not display, regardless 
+| If set to TRUE, a backtrace will be displayed along with php errors. If
+| error_reporting is disabled, the backtrace will not display, regardless
 | of this setting
 |
 */
diff --git a/application/config/database.php b/application/config/database.php
index 154638d..744de03 100644
--- a/application/config/database.php
+++ b/application/config/database.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
diff --git a/application/config/doctypes.php b/application/config/doctypes.php
index e5e70da..c7f5b55 100644
--- a/application/config/doctypes.php
+++ b/application/config/doctypes.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -26,15 +26,25 @@
  */
 
 $_doctypes = array(
-					'xhtml11'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">',
-					'xhtml1-strict'	=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">',
-					'xhtml1-trans'	=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">',
-					'xhtml1-frame'	=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">',
-					'xhtml-basic11'	=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">',
-					'html5'			=> '<!DOCTYPE html>',
-					'html4-strict'	=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">',
-					'html4-trans'	=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">',
-					'html4-frame'	=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">'
+					'xhtml11'			=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">',
+					'xhtml1-strict'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">',
+					'xhtml1-trans'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">',
+					'xhtml1-frame'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">',
+					'xhtml-basic11'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">',
+					'html5'				=> '<!DOCTYPE html>',
+					'html4-strict'		=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">',
+					'html4-trans'		=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">',
+					'html4-frame'		=> '<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">',
+					'mathml1'			=> '<!DOCTYPE math SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd">',
+					'mathml2'			=> '<!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">',
+					'svg10'				=> '<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">',
+					'svg11'				=> '<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">',
+					'svg11-basic'		=> '<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Basic//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd">',
+					'svg11-tiny'		=> '<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Tiny//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd">',
+					'xhtml-math-svg-xh'	=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">',
+					'xhtml-math-svg-sh'	=> '<!DOCTYPE svg:svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">',
+					'xhtml-rdfa-1'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">',
+					'xhtml-rdfa-2'		=> '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd">'
 					);
 
 /* End of file doctypes.php */
diff --git a/application/config/foreign_chars.php b/application/config/foreign_chars.php
index d3713fe..e2d3f23 100644
--- a/application/config/foreign_chars.php
+++ b/application/config/foreign_chars.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
diff --git a/application/config/hooks.php b/application/config/hooks.php
index 1b10fc2..3500503 100644
--- a/application/config/hooks.php
+++ b/application/config/hooks.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -37,6 +37,5 @@
 */
 
 
-
 /* End of file hooks.php */
 /* Location: ./application/config/hooks.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/config/migration.php b/application/config/migration.php
index e1ce1ae..88e3982 100644
--- a/application/config/migration.php
+++ b/application/config/migration.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 */
 $config['migration_path'] = APPPATH . 'migrations/';
 
-
-/* End of file migration.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* End of file migration.php */
+/* Location: ./application/config/migration.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/config/mimes.php b/application/config/mimes.php
index 7ec782b..02e12c0 100644
--- a/application/config/mimes.php
+++ b/application/config/mimes.php
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@
 |
 */
 
-$mimes = array('hqx'	=>	array('application/mac-binhex40', 'application/mac-binhex', 'application/x-binhex40', 'application/x-mac-binhex40'),
+$mimes = array(
+				'hqx'	=>	array('application/mac-binhex40', 'application/mac-binhex', 'application/x-binhex40', 'application/x-mac-binhex40'),
 				'cpt'	=>	'application/mac-compactpro',
 				'csv'	=>	array('text/x-comma-separated-values', 'text/comma-separated-values', 'application/octet-stream', 'application/vnd.ms-excel', 'application/x-csv', 'text/x-csv', 'text/csv', 'application/csv', 'application/excel', 'application/vnd.msexcel'),
 				'bin'	=>	array('application/macbinary', 'application/mac-binary', 'application/octet-stream', 'application/x-binary', 'application/x-macbinary'),
@@ -165,4 +166,4 @@
 			);
 
 /* End of file mimes.php */
-/* Location: ./application/config/mimes.php */
+/* Location: ./application/config/mimes.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/config/profiler.php b/application/config/profiler.php
index 5339189..c161a4d 100644
--- a/application/config/profiler.php
+++ b/application/config/profiler.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -38,6 +38,5 @@
 */
 
 
-
 /* End of file profiler.php */
 /* Location: ./application/config/profiler.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/config/routes.php b/application/config/routes.php
index 686573d..474bda9 100644
--- a/application/config/routes.php
+++ b/application/config/routes.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -67,6 +67,5 @@
 $route['default_controller'] = "welcome";
 $route['404_override'] = '';
 
-
 /* End of file routes.php */
 /* Location: ./application/config/routes.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/config/smileys.php b/application/config/smileys.php
index 8e3844a..baefe53 100644
--- a/application/config/smileys.php
+++ b/application/config/smileys.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
diff --git a/application/config/user_agents.php b/application/config/user_agents.php
index 0baa252..60f256e 100644
--- a/application/config/user_agents.php
+++ b/application/config/user_agents.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -211,4 +211,4 @@
 );
 
 /* End of file user_agents.php */
-/* Location: ./application/config/user_agents.php */
+/* Location: ./application/config/user_agents.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/application/controllers/welcome.php b/application/controllers/welcome.php
index 2451d97..1ed82d2 100644
--- a/application/controllers/welcome.php
+++ b/application/controllers/welcome.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Maps to the following URL
 	 * 		http://example.com/index.php/welcome
-	 *	- or -  
+	 *	- or -
 	 * 		http://example.com/index.php/welcome/index
 	 *	- or -
-	 * Since this controller is set as the default controller in 
+	 * Since this controller is set as the default controller in
 	 * config/routes.php, it's displayed at http://example.com/
 	 *
 	 * So any other public methods not prefixed with an underscore will
diff --git a/application/errors/error_404.php b/application/errors/error_404.php
index 9af9e39..7460329 100644
--- a/application/errors/error_404.php
+++ b/application/errors/error_404.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
-?>
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+?><!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
diff --git a/application/errors/error_db.php b/application/errors/error_db.php
index 81ff02a..eb3a752 100644
--- a/application/errors/error_db.php
+++ b/application/errors/error_db.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
-?>
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+?><!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
diff --git a/application/errors/error_general.php b/application/errors/error_general.php
index 8efcfd9..59896e1 100644
--- a/application/errors/error_general.php
+++ b/application/errors/error_general.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
-?>
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+?><!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
diff --git a/application/errors/error_php.php b/application/errors/error_php.php
index 42e5f5a..3855720 100644
--- a/application/errors/error_php.php
+++ b/application/errors/error_php.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@
 <p>Filename: <?php echo $filepath; ?></p>
 <p>Line Number: <?php echo $line; ?></p>
 
-<?php if(defined('SHOW_DEBUG_BACKTRACE') && SHOW_DEBUG_BACKTRACE === TRUE): ?>
-	
+<?php if (defined('SHOW_DEBUG_BACKTRACE') && SHOW_DEBUG_BACKTRACE === TRUE): ?>
+
 	<p>Backtrace: </p>
 	<?php foreach(debug_backtrace() as $error): ?>
-	
+
 		<?php if(isset($error['file']) &&  ! stristr($error['file'], SYSDIR)): ?>
 			<p style="margin-left:10px">
 			File: <?php echo $error['file'] ?><br />
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 			Function: <?php echo $error['function'] ?>
 			</p>
 		<?php endif ?>
-	
+
 	<?php endforeach ?></p>
 
 <?php endif ?>
diff --git a/application/views/welcome_message.php b/application/views/welcome_message.php
index 0dd8924..45360da 100644
--- a/application/views/welcome_message.php
+++ b/application/views/welcome_message.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Academic Free License (AFL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license_afl.txt / license_afl.rst.
  * It is also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
-?>
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
+?><!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
 	<meta charset="utf-8">
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@
 	#body{
 		margin: 0 15px 0 15px;
 	}
-	
+
 	p.footer{
 		text-align: right;
 		font-size: 11px;
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@
 		padding: 0 10px 0 10px;
 		margin: 20px 0 0 0;
 	}
-	
+
 	#container{
 		margin: 10px;
 		border: 1px solid #D0D0D0;
diff --git a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
index a79a695..4885f31 100755
--- a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
+++ b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
  *  Is there a "pre_system" hook?
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	$EXT->_call_hook('pre_system');
+	$EXT->call_hook('pre_system');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
  *	Is there a valid cache file? If so, we're done...
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if ($EXT->_call_hook('cache_override') === FALSE
+	if ($EXT->call_hook('cache_override') === FALSE
 		&& $OUT->_display_cache($CFG, $URI) == TRUE)
 	{
 		exit;
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
  *  Is there a "pre_controller" hook?
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	$EXT->_call_hook('pre_controller');
+	$EXT->call_hook('pre_controller');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
  *  Is there a "post_controller_constructor" hook?
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	$EXT->_call_hook('post_controller_constructor');
+	$EXT->call_hook('post_controller_constructor');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -369,14 +369,14 @@
  *  Is there a "post_controller" hook?
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	$EXT->_call_hook('post_controller');
+	$EXT->call_hook('post_controller');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  *  Send the final rendered output to the browser
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if ($EXT->_call_hook('display_override') === FALSE)
+	if ($EXT->call_hook('display_override') === FALSE)
 	{
 		$OUT->_display();
 	}
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
  *  Is there a "post_system" hook?
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	$EXT->_call_hook('post_system');
+	$EXT->call_hook('post_system');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Common.php b/system/core/Common.php
index f20acaf..aeb784b 100644
--- a/system/core/Common.php
+++ b/system/core/Common.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Common Functions
  *
@@ -42,15 +40,14 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Determines if the current version of PHP is greater then the supplied value
-*
-* Since there are a few places where we conditionally test for PHP > 5
-* we'll set a static variable.
-*
-* @access	public
-* @param	string
-* @return	bool	TRUE if the current version is $version or higher
-*/
+ * Determines if the current version of PHP is greater then the supplied value
+ *
+ * Since there are a few places where we conditionally test for PHP > 5
+ * we'll set a static variable.
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @return	bool	TRUE if the current version is $version or higher
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_php'))
 {
 	function is_php($version = '5.0.0')
@@ -76,7 +73,7 @@
  * the file, based on the read-only attribute. is_writable() is also unreliable
  * on Unix servers if safe_mode is on.
  *
- * @access	public
+ * @param	string
  * @return	void
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_really_writable'))
@@ -118,18 +115,17 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Class registry
-*
-* This function acts as a singleton. If the requested class does not
-* exist it is instantiated and set to a static variable.  If it has
-* previously been instantiated the variable is returned.
-*
-* @access	public
-* @param	string	the class name being requested
-* @param	string	the directory where the class should be found
-* @param	string	the class name prefix
-* @return	object
-*/
+ * Class registry
+ *
+ * This function acts as a singleton. If the requested class does not
+ * exist it is instantiated and set to a static variable. If it has
+ * previously been instantiated the variable is returned.
+ *
+ * @param	string	the class name being requested
+ * @param	string	the directory where the class should be found
+ * @param	string	the class name prefix
+ * @return	object
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
 {
 	function &load_class($class, $directory = 'libraries', $prefix = 'CI_')
@@ -192,12 +188,12 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Keeps track of which libraries have been loaded. This function is
-* called by the load_class() function above
-*
-* @access	public
-* @return	array
-*/
+ * Keeps track of which libraries have been loaded. This function is
+ * called by the load_class() function above
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @return	array
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_loaded'))
 {
 	function &is_loaded($class = '')
@@ -216,14 +212,14 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Loads the main config.php file
-*
-* This function lets us grab the config file even if the Config class
-* hasn't been instantiated yet
-*
-* @access	private
-* @return	array
-*/
+ * Loads the main config.php file
+ *
+ * This function lets us grab the config file even if the Config class
+ * hasn't been instantiated yet
+ *
+ * @param	array
+ * @return	array
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('get_config'))
 {
 	function &get_config($replace = array())
@@ -276,11 +272,11 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Returns the specified config item
-*
-* @access	public
-* @return	mixed
-*/
+ * Returns the specified config item
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @return	mixed
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('config_item'))
 {
 	function config_item($item)
@@ -305,17 +301,19 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Error Handler
-*
-* This function lets us invoke the exception class and
-* display errors using the standard error template located
-* in application/errors/errors.php
-* This function will send the error page directly to the
-* browser and exit.
-*
-* @access	public
-* @return	void
-*/
+ * Error Handler
+ *
+ * This function lets us invoke the exception class and
+ * display errors using the standard error template located
+ * in application/errors/errors.php
+ * This function will send the error page directly to the
+ * browser and exit.
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	int
+ * @param	string
+ * @return	void
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('show_error'))
 {
 	function show_error($message, $status_code = 500, $heading = 'An Error Was Encountered')
@@ -329,15 +327,16 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* 404 Page Handler
-*
-* This function is similar to the show_error() function above
-* However, instead of the standard error template it displays
-* 404 errors.
-*
-* @access	public
-* @return	void
-*/
+ * 404 Page Handler
+ *
+ * This function is similar to the show_error() function above
+ * However, instead of the standard error template it displays
+ * 404 errors.
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	bool
+ * @return	void
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('show_404'))
 {
 	function show_404($page = '', $log_error = TRUE)
@@ -351,14 +350,16 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Error Logging Interface
-*
-* We use this as a simple mechanism to access the logging
-* class and send messages to be logged.
-*
-* @access	public
-* @return	void
-*/
+ * Error Logging Interface
+ *
+ * We use this as a simple mechanism to access the logging
+ * class and send messages to be logged.
+ *
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	bool
+ * @return	void
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('log_message'))
 {
 	function log_message($level = 'error', $message, $php_error = FALSE)
@@ -380,8 +381,7 @@
 /**
  * Set HTTP Status Header
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	int		the status code
+ * @param	int	the status code
  * @param	string
  * @return	void
  */
@@ -467,19 +467,22 @@
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Exception Handler
-*
-* This is the custom exception handler that is declaired at the top
-* of Codeigniter.php.  The main reason we use this is to permit
-* PHP errors to be logged in our own log files since the user may
-* not have access to server logs. Since this function
-* effectively intercepts PHP errors, however, we also need
-* to display errors based on the current error_reporting level.
-* We do that with the use of a PHP error template.
-*
-* @access	private
-* @return	void
-*/
+ * Exception Handler
+ *
+ * This is the custom exception handler that is declaired at the top
+ * of Codeigniter.php. The main reason we use this is to permit
+ * PHP errors to be logged in our own log files since the user may
+ * not have access to server logs. Since this function
+ * effectively intercepts PHP errors, however, we also need
+ * to display errors based on the current error_reporting level.
+ * We do that with the use of a PHP error template.
+ *
+ * @param	int
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	int
+ * @return	void
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('_exception_handler'))
 {
 	function _exception_handler($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
@@ -521,8 +524,8 @@
  * This prevents sandwiching null characters
  * between ascii characters, like Java\0script.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('remove_invisible_characters'))
@@ -554,12 +557,11 @@
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
-* Returns HTML escaped variable
-*
-* @access	public
-* @param	mixed
-* @return	mixed
-*/
+ * Returns HTML escaped variable
+ *
+ * @param	mixed
+ * @return	mixed
+ */
 if ( ! function_exists('html_escape'))
 {
 	function html_escape($var)
@@ -571,4 +573,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Common.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Common.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Common.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Exceptions.php b/system/core/Exceptions.php
index d7282b1..f36b315 100755
--- a/system/core/Exceptions.php
+++ b/system/core/Exceptions.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Exceptions Class
  *
@@ -163,7 +161,7 @@
 	 * @param	string	the error line number
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
+	public function show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
 	{
 		$severity = ( ! isset($this->levels[$severity])) ? $severity : $this->levels[$severity];
 		$filepath = str_replace('\\', '/', $filepath);
@@ -189,4 +187,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Exceptions.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Exceptions.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Exceptions.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
index 493822f..68e30ef 100755
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Hooks Class
  *
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	public $hooks			= array();
+	public $hooks		= array();
 	/**
 	 * Determines wether hook is in progress, used to prevent infinte loops
 	 *
@@ -59,23 +57,17 @@
 	 */
 	public $in_progress	= FALSE;
 
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		$this->_initialize();
-		log_message('debug', 'Hooks Class Initialized');
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 	/**
 	 * Initialize the Hooks Preferences
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _initialize()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$CFG =& load_class('Config', 'core');
 
+		log_message('debug', 'Hooks Class Initialized');
+
 		// If hooks are not enabled in the config file
 		// there is nothing else to do
 		if ($CFG->item('enable_hooks') == FALSE)
@@ -84,7 +76,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Grab the "hooks" definition file.
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php');
 		}
@@ -113,14 +105,14 @@
 	 * @param	string	the hook name
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	public function _call_hook($which = '')
+	public function call_hook($which = '')
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->enabled OR ! isset($this->hooks[$which]))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if (isset($this->hooks[$which][0]) AND is_array($this->hooks[$which][0]))
+		if (isset($this->hooks[$which][0]) && is_array($this->hooks[$which][0]))
 		{
 			foreach ($this->hooks[$which] as $val)
 			{
@@ -167,7 +159,7 @@
 		// Set file path
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		if ( ! isset($data['filepath']) OR ! isset($data['filename']))
+		if ( ! isset($data['filepath'], $data['filename']))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -187,12 +179,12 @@
 		$function	= FALSE;
 		$params		= '';
 
-		if (isset($data['class']) AND $data['class'] != '')
+		if ( ! empty($data['class']))
 		{
 			$class = $data['class'];
 		}
 
-		if (isset($data['function']))
+		if ( ! empty($data['function']))
 		{
 			$function = $data['function'];
 		}
@@ -202,7 +194,7 @@
 			$params = $data['params'];
 		}
 
-		if ($class === FALSE AND $function === FALSE)
+		if ($class === FALSE && $function === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -244,4 +236,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Hooks.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Hooks.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Hooks.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
index 9b9cc2f..027ed20 100644
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Loader Class
  *
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if ($db_conn !== FALSE AND ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
+			if ($db_conn !== FALSE && ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
 			{
 				if ($db_conn === TRUE)
 				{
@@ -324,7 +322,7 @@
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 
 		// Do we even need to load the database class?
-		if (class_exists('CI_DB') AND $return == FALSE AND $active_record == NULL AND isset($CI->db) AND is_object($CI->db))
+		if (class_exists('CI_DB') && $return == FALSE && $active_record == NULL && isset($CI->db) && is_object($CI->db))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -399,13 +397,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Load View
 	 *
-	 * This function is used to load a "view" file.  It has three parameters:
+	 * This function is used to load a "view" file. It has three parameters:
 	 *
 	 * 1. The name of the "view" file to be included.
 	 * 2. An associative array of data to be extracted for use in the view.
-	 * 3. TRUE/FALSE - whether to return the data or load it.  In
-	 * some cases it's advantageous to be able to return data so that
-	 * a developer can process it in some way.
+	 * 3. TRUE/FALSE - whether to return the data or load it. In
+	 *    some cases it's advantageous to be able to return data so that
+	 *    a developer can process it in some way.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
@@ -447,14 +445,14 @@
 	 */
 	public function vars($vars = array(), $val = '')
 	{
-		if ($val != '' AND is_string($vars))
+		if ($val != '' && is_string($vars))
 		{
 			$vars = array($vars => $val);
 		}
 
 		$vars = $this->_ci_object_to_array($vars);
 
-		if (is_array($vars) AND count($vars) > 0)
+		if (is_array($vars) && count($vars) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($vars as $key => $val)
 			{
@@ -660,7 +658,7 @@
 	 * Prepends a parent path to the library, model, helper, and config path arrays
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param 	boolean
+	 * @param 	bool
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function add_package_path($path, $view_cascade=TRUE)
@@ -701,9 +699,9 @@
 	 * Remove a path from the library, model, and helper path arrays if it exists
 	 * If no path is provided, the most recently added path is removed.
 	 *
-	 * @param	type
+	 * @param	string
 	 * @param 	bool
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function remove_package_path($path = '', $remove_config_path = TRUE)
 	{
@@ -764,7 +762,7 @@
 		// Set the default data variables
 		foreach (array('_ci_view', '_ci_vars', '_ci_path', '_ci_return') as $_ci_val)
 		{
-			$$_ci_val = ( ! isset($_ci_data[$_ci_val])) ? FALSE : $_ci_data[$_ci_val];
+			$$_ci_val = isset($_ci_data[$_ci_val]) ? $_ci_data[$_ci_val] : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$file_exists = FALSE;
@@ -1019,11 +1017,11 @@
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @param	string	an optional object name
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _ci_init_class($class, $prefix = '', $config = FALSE, $object_name = NULL)
 	{
-		// Is there an associated config file for this class?  Note: these should always be lowercase
+		// Is there an associated config file for this class? Note: these should always be lowercase
 		if ($config === NULL)
 		{
 			// Fetch the config paths containing any package paths
@@ -1038,24 +1036,24 @@
 					// We test for both uppercase and lowercase, for servers that
 					// are case-sensitive with regard to file names. Check for environment
 					// first, global next
-					if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
+					if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists($path.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
 					{
-						include($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
+						include($path.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
 						break;
 					}
-					elseif (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
+					elseif (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists($path.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
 					{
-						include($path .'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
+						include($path.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
 						break;
 					}
-					elseif (file_exists($path .'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
+					elseif (file_exists($path.'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php'))
 					{
-						include($path .'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
+						include($path.'config/'.strtolower($class).'.php');
 						break;
 					}
-					elseif (file_exists($path .'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
+					elseif (file_exists($path.'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php'))
 					{
-						include($path .'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
+						include($path.'config/'.ucfirst(strtolower($class)).'.php');
 						break;
 					}
 				}
@@ -1095,7 +1093,7 @@
 
 		if (is_null($object_name))
 		{
-			$classvar = ( ! isset($this->_ci_varmap[$class])) ? $class : $this->_ci_varmap[$class];
+			$classvar = isset($this->_ci_varmap[$class]) ? $this->_ci_varmap[$class] : $class;
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -1113,7 +1111,7 @@
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$CI->$classvar = new $name;
+			$CI->$classvar = new $name();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1130,7 +1128,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _ci_autoloader()
 	{
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/autoload.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/autoload.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/autoload.php');
 		}
@@ -1166,14 +1164,14 @@
 		// Autoload helpers and languages
 		foreach (array('helper', 'language') as $type)
 		{
-			if (isset($autoload[$type]) AND count($autoload[$type]) > 0)
+			if (isset($autoload[$type]) && count($autoload[$type]) > 0)
 			{
 				$this->$type($autoload[$type]);
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Load libraries
-		if (isset($autoload['libraries']) AND count($autoload['libraries']) > 0)
+		if (isset($autoload['libraries']) && count($autoload['libraries']) > 0)
 		{
 			// Load the database driver.
 			if (in_array('database', $autoload['libraries']))
@@ -1208,7 +1206,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _ci_object_to_array($object)
 	{
-		return (is_object($object)) ? get_object_vars($object) : $object;
+		return is_object($object) ? get_object_vars($object) : $object;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1252,7 +1250,8 @@
 			return $filename;
 		}
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Loader.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
index faebbbe..9bf818e 100755
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Output Class
  *
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@
 		$this->_zlib_oc = @ini_get('zlib.output_compression');
 
 		// Get mime types for later
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
 		{
 			include APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php';
 		}
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@
 	 * Set HTTP Status Header
 	 * moved to Common procedural functions in 1.7.2
 	 *
-	 * @param	int		the status code
+	 * @param	int	the status code
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -249,7 +247,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function enable_profiler($val = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->enable_profiler = (is_bool($val)) ? $val : TRUE;
+		$this->enable_profiler = is_bool($val) ? $val : TRUE;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -267,7 +265,7 @@
 	{
 		foreach ($sections as $section => $enable)
 		{
-			$this->_profiler_sections[$section] = ($enable !== FALSE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+			$this->_profiler_sections[$section] = ($enable !== FALSE);
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -278,12 +276,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set Cache
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function cache($time)
 	{
-		$this->cache_expiration = ( ! is_numeric($time)) ? 0 : $time;
+		$this->cache_expiration = is_numeric($time) ? $time : 0;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -297,7 +295,7 @@
 	 * $this->final_output
 	 *
 	 * This function sends the finalized output data to the browser along
-	 * with any server headers and profile data.  It also stops the
+	 * with any server headers and profile data. It also stops the
 	 * benchmark timer so the page rendering speed and memory usage can be shown.
 	 *
 	 * @param 	string
@@ -343,7 +341,7 @@
 
 		if ($this->parse_exec_vars === TRUE)
 		{
-			$memory	 = ( ! function_exists('memory_get_usage')) ? '0' : round(memory_get_usage()/1024/1024, 2).'MB';
+			$memory	= function_exists('memory_get_usage') ? round(memory_get_usage()/1024/1024, 2).'MB' : '0';
 
 			$output = str_replace(array('{elapsed_time}', '{memory_usage}'), array($elapsed, $memory), $output);
 		}
@@ -520,4 +518,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Output.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Output.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Output.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
index b251abb..5477fed 100755
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Router Class
  *
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@
 		// since URI segments are more search-engine friendly, but they can optionally be used.
 		// If this feature is enabled, we will gather the directory/class/method a little differently
 		$segments = array();
-		if ($this->config->item('enable_query_strings') === TRUE AND isset($_GET[$this->config->item('controller_trigger')]))
+		if ($this->config->item('enable_query_strings') === TRUE && isset($_GET[$this->config->item('controller_trigger')]))
 		{
 			if (isset($_GET[$this->config->item('directory_trigger')]))
 			{
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Load the routes.php file.
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/routes.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/routes.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/routes.php');
 		}
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@
 
 		// Set the default controller so we can display it in the event
 		// the URI doesn't correlated to a valid controller.
-		$this->default_controller = ( ! isset($this->routes['default_controller']) OR $this->routes['default_controller'] == '') ? FALSE : strtolower($this->routes['default_controller']);
+		$this->default_controller = empty($this->routes['default_controller']) ? FALSE : strtolower($this->routes['default_controller']);
 
 		// Were there any query string segments? If so, we'll validate them and bail out since we're done.
 		if (count($segments) > 0)
@@ -248,8 +246,8 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Validates the supplied segments.  Attempts to determine the path to
-	 * the controller.
+	 * Validates the supplied segments.
+	 * Attempts to determine the path to the controller.
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	array
@@ -340,7 +338,7 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse Routes
+	 * Parse Routes
 	 *
 	 * This function matches any routes that may exist in
 	 * the config/routes.php file against the URI to
@@ -369,7 +367,7 @@
 			if (preg_match('#^'.$key.'$#', $uri))
 			{
 				// Do we have a back-reference?
-				if (strpos($val, '$') !== FALSE AND strpos($key, '(') !== FALSE)
+				if (strpos($val, '$') !== FALSE && strpos($key, '(') !== FALSE)
 				{
 					$val = preg_replace('#^'.$key.'$#', $val, $uri);
 				}
@@ -411,7 +409,7 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Set the method name
+	 * Set the method name
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -424,7 +422,7 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Fetch the current method
+	 * Fetch the current method
 	 *
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -441,7 +439,7 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Set the directory name
+	 * Set the directory name
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -454,7 +452,7 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Fetch the sub-directory (if any) that contains the requested controller class
+	 * Fetch the sub-directory (if any) that contains the requested controller class
 	 *
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -466,10 +464,10 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Set the controller overrides
+	 * Set the controller overrides
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function _set_overrides($routing)
 	{
@@ -483,7 +481,7 @@
 			$this->set_directory($routing['directory']);
 		}
 
-		if (isset($routing['controller']) AND $routing['controller'] != '')
+		if (isset($routing['controller']) && $routing['controller'] != '')
 		{
 			$this->set_class($routing['controller']);
 		}
@@ -498,4 +496,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Router.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Router.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Router.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index 116116b..96e4955 100755
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@
 function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 {
 	// Load the DB config file if a DSN string wasn't passed
-	if (is_string($params) AND strpos($params, '://') === FALSE)
+	if (is_string($params) && strpos($params, '://') === FALSE)
 	{
 		// Is the config file in the environment folder?
 		if (( ! defined('ENVIRONMENT') OR ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/database.php'))
-			AND ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/database.php'))
+			&& ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/database.php'))
 		{
 			show_error('The configuration file database.php does not exist.');
 		}
@@ -74,24 +74,24 @@
 		 *  parameter. DSNs must have this prototype:
 		 *  $dsn = 'driver://username:password@hostname/database';
 		 */
-		if (($dns = @parse_url($params)) === FALSE)
+		if (($dsn = @parse_url($params)) === FALSE)
 		{
 			show_error('Invalid DB Connection String');
 		}
 
 		$params = array(
-				'dbdriver'	=> $dns['scheme'],
-				'hostname'	=> (isset($dns['host'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['host']) : '',
-				'port'		=> (isset($dns['port'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['port']) : '',
-				'username'	=> (isset($dns['user'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['user']) : '',
-				'password'	=> (isset($dns['pass'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['pass']) : '',
-				'database'	=> (isset($dns['path'])) ? rawurldecode(substr($dns['path'], 1)) : ''
+				'dbdriver'	=> $dsn['scheme'],
+				'hostname'	=> isset($dsn['host']) ? rawurldecode($dsn['host']) : '',
+				'port'		=> isset($dsn['port']) ? rawurldecode($dsn['port']) : '',
+				'username'	=> isset($dsn['user']) ? rawurldecode($dsn['user']) : '',
+				'password'	=> isset($dsn['pass']) ? rawurldecode($dsn['pass']) : '',
+				'database'	=> isset($dsn['path']) ? rawurldecode(substr($dsn['path'], 1)) : ''
 			);
 
 		// were additional config items set?
-		if (isset($dns['query']))
+		if (isset($dsn['query']))
 		{
-			parse_str($dns['query'], $extra);
+			parse_str($dsn['query'], $extra);
 			foreach ($extra as $key => $val)
 			{
 				// booleans please
@@ -158,4 +158,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file DB.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
index fe591dd..b324226 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Active Record Class
  *
@@ -422,7 +420,7 @@
 
 		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 AND count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			if (is_null($v) && ! $this->_has_operator($k))
 			{
@@ -537,7 +535,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	The field to search
 	 * @param	array	The values searched on
-	 * @param	boolean	If the statement would be IN or NOT IN
+	 * @param	bool	If the statement would be IN or NOT IN
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -719,7 +717,7 @@
 	{
 		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
 		$this->ar_where_group_started = TRUE;
-		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 AND count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 		$this->ar_where[] = $value = $prefix.$not.str_repeat(' ', ++$this->ar_where_group_count).' (';
 
 		if ($this->ar_caching)
@@ -984,8 +982,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Sets the LIMIT value
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer	the limit value
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the limit value
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function limit($value, $offset = NULL)
@@ -1005,7 +1003,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Sets the OFFSET value
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function offset($offset)
@@ -1021,7 +1019,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set($key, $value = '', $escape = TRUE)
@@ -1055,9 +1053,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Compiles a SELECT query string and returns the sql.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name to select from (optional)
-	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: resets AR values; FALSE: leave AR vaules alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: resets AR values; FALSE: leave AR vaules alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_select($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1226,7 +1223,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_insert_batch($key, $value = '', $escape = TRUE)
@@ -1283,9 +1280,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Compiles an insert query and returns the sql
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to insert into
-	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_insert($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1316,7 +1312,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Compiles an insert string and runs the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to insert data into
 	 * @param	array	an associative array of insert values
 	 * @return	object
@@ -1352,7 +1347,6 @@
 	 * validate that the there data is actually being set and that table
 	 * has been chosen to be inserted into.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to insert data into
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1423,9 +1417,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Compiles an update query and returns the sql
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to update
-	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_update($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1499,7 +1492,6 @@
 	 * validate that data is actually being set and that a table has been
 	 * chosen to be update.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to update data on
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1584,7 +1576,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_update_batch($key, $index = '', $escape = TRUE)
@@ -1696,9 +1688,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Compiles a delete query string and returns the sql
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to delete from
-	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_delete($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1719,7 +1710,7 @@
 	 * @param	mixed	the table(s) to delete from. String or array
 	 * @param	mixed	the where clause
 	 * @param	mixed	the limit clause
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function delete($table = '', $where = '', $limit = NULL, $reset_data = TRUE)
@@ -2062,7 +2053,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Empties the AR cache
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function flush_cache()
@@ -2114,7 +2104,7 @@
 
 		// If we are "protecting identifiers" we need to examine the "from"
 		// portion of the query to determine if there are any aliases
-		if ($this->_protect_identifiers === TRUE AND count($this->ar_cache_from) > 0)
+		if ($this->_protect_identifiers === TRUE && count($this->ar_cache_from) > 0)
 		{
 			$this->_track_aliases($this->ar_from);
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index 42b1b35..9f1a0b8 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -171,6 +171,23 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Reconnect
+	 *
+	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
+	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout.
+	 *
+	 * This is just a dummy method to allow drivers without such
+	 * functionality to not declare it, while others will override it.
+	 *
+	 * @return      void
+	 */
+	public function reconnect()
+	{
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index f39c2ad..bed3d86 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -57,6 +57,27 @@
 	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
 	protected $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
 
+	// CUBRID-specific properties
+	public $auto_commit = TRUE;
+
+	public function __construct($params)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($params);
+
+		if (preg_match('/^CUBRID:[^:]+(:[0-9][1-9]{0,4})?:[^:]+:[^:]*:[^:]*:(\?.+)?$/', $this->dsn, $matches))
+		{
+			if (stripos($matches[2], 'autocommit=off') !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$this->auto_commit = FALSE;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// If no port is defined by the user, use the default value
+			$this->port == '' OR $this->port = 33000;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
@@ -64,31 +85,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		// If no port is defined by the user, use the default value
-		if ($this->port == '')
-		{
-			// Default CUBRID Broker port
-			$this->port = 33000;
-		}
-
-		$conn = cubrid_connect($this->hostname, $this->port, $this->database, $this->username, $this->password);
-
-		if ($conn)
-		{
-			// Check if a user wants to run queries in dry, i.e. run the
-			// queries but not commit them.
-			if (isset($this->auto_commit) && ! $this->auto_commit)
-			{
-				cubrid_set_autocommit($conn, CUBRID_AUTOCOMMIT_FALSE);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				cubrid_set_autocommit($conn, CUBRID_AUTOCOMMIT_TRUE);
-				$this->auto_commit = TRUE;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $conn;
+		return $this->_cubrid_connect();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -100,15 +97,45 @@
 	 * engine which can be configured in the CUBRID Broker configuration
 	 * file by setting the CCI_PCONNECT parameter to ON. In that case, all
 	 * connections established between the client application and the
-	 * server will become persistent. This is calling the same
-	 * @cubrid_connect function will establish persisten connection
-	 * considering that the CCI_PCONNECT is ON.
+	 * server will become persistent.
 	 *
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return $this->db_connect();
+		return $this->_cubrid_connect(TRUE);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * CUBRID connection
+	 *
+	 * A CUBRID-specific method to create a connection to the database.
+	 * Except for determining if a persistent connection should be used,
+	 * the rest of the logic is the same for db_connect() and db_pconnect().
+	 *
+	 * @param	bool
+	 * @return	resource
+	 */
+	protected function _cubrid_connect($persistent = FALSE)
+	{
+		if (preg_match('/^CUBRID:[^:]+(:[0-9][1-9]{0,4})?:[^:]+:([^:]*):([^:]*):(\?.+)?$/', $this->dsn, $matches))
+		{
+			$_temp = ($persistent !== TRUE) ? 'cubrid_connect_with_url' : 'cubrid_pconnect_with_url';
+			$conn_id = ($matches[2] === '' && $matches[3] === '' && $this->username !== '' && $this->password !== '')
+					? $_temp($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password)
+					: $_temp($this->dsn);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$_temp = ($persistent !== TRUE) ? 'cubrid_connect' : 'cubrid_pconnect';
+			$conn_id = ($this->username !== '')
+					? $_temp($this->hostname, $this->port, $this->database, $this->username, $this->password)
+					: $_temp($this->hostname, $this->port, $this->database);
+		}
+
+		return $conn_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
index 9fa03ad..d8b6ae5 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Firebird/Interbase Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -56,8 +54,8 @@
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	protected $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	protected $_random_keyword = ' Random()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string	= 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword	= ' Random()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	// Keeps track of the resource for the current transaction
 	protected $trans;
@@ -87,21 +85,6 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function reconnect()
-	{
-		// not implemented in Interbase/Firebird
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -160,13 +143,8 @@
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -174,7 +152,7 @@
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		$this->trans = @ibase_trans($this->conn_id);
 
@@ -190,13 +168,8 @@
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans->depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -213,13 +186,8 @@
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -251,9 +219,9 @@
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -264,7 +232,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function affected_rows()
 	{
@@ -276,9 +244,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @param	string $generator_name
-	 * @param	integer $inc_by
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @param	string	$generator_name
+	 * @param	int	$inc_by
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function insert_id($generator_name, $inc_by=0)
 	{
@@ -310,9 +278,9 @@
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -322,21 +290,18 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = <<<SQL
-			SELECT "RDB\$RELATION_NAME" FROM "RDB\$RELATIONS" 
-			WHERE "RDB\$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE 'RDB$%'
-			AND "RDB\$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE 'MON$%'
-SQL;
+		$sql = 'SELECT "RDB$RELATION_NAME" FROM "RDB$RELATIONS" WHERE "RDB$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE \'RDB$%\' AND "RDB$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE \'MON$%\'';
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= ' AND "RDB$RELATION_NAME" LIKE \''.$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
+			return $sql.' AND "RDB$RELATION_NAME" LIKE \''.$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
+
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
@@ -352,10 +317,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return <<<SQL
-			SELECT "RDB\$FIELD_NAME" FROM "RDB\$RELATION_FIELDS" 
-			WHERE "RDB\$RELATION_NAME"='{$table}';
-SQL;
+		return 'SELECT "RDB$FIELD_NAME" FROM "RDB$RELATION_FIELDS" WHERE "RDB$RELATION_NAME" = \''.$this->escape_str($table)."'";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -366,14 +328,14 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		// Need to find a more efficient way to do this
 		// but Interbase/Firebird seems to lack the
 		// limit clause
-		return "SELECT * FROM {$table}";
+		return 'SELECT * FROM '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -407,24 +369,20 @@
 		{
 			if (strpos($item, '.'.$id) !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$str = $this->_escape_char. str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
+				$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
 
 				// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item).$this->_escape_char;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char;
+			$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item);
 		}
 
 		// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -435,8 +393,8 @@
 	 * This public function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
@@ -463,7 +421,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO {$table} (".implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -484,20 +442,14 @@
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$valstr[] = $key." = ".$val;
+			$valstr[] = $key.' = '.$val;
 		}
 
 		//$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
 
-		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1)?' ORDER BY '.implode(", ", $orderby):'';
-
-		$sql = "UPDATE {$table} SET ".implode(', ', $valstr);
-
-		$sql .= ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '';
-
-		$sql .= $orderby;
-
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr)
+			.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '')
+			.(count($orderby) > 0 ? ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orderby) : '');
 	}
 
 
@@ -532,23 +484,20 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$conditions = '';
-
 		if (count($where) > 0 OR count($like) > 0)
 		{
-			$conditions = "\nWHERE ";
-			$conditions .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
-
-			if (count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0)
-			{
-				$conditions .= ' AND ';
-			}
-			$conditions .= implode("\n", $like);
+			$conditions = "\nWHERE ".implode("\n", $where)
+					.((count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0) ? ' AND ' : '')
+					.implode("\n", $like);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$conditions = '';
 		}
 
 		//$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
 
-		return "DELETE FROM {$table}{$conditions}";
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.' '.$conditions;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -559,36 +508,25 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		// Keep the current sql string safe for a moment
-		$orig_sql = $sql;
-
 		// Limit clause depends on if Interbase or Firebird
 		if (stripos($this->version(), 'firebird') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$sql = 'FIRST '. (int) $limit;
-
-			if ($offset > 0)
-			{
-				$sql .= ' SKIP '. (int) $offset;
-			}
+			$select = 'FIRST '. (int) $limit
+				.($offset > 0 ? ' SKIP '. (int) $offset : '');
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$sql = 'ROWS ' . (int) $limit;
-
-			if ($offset > 0)
-			{
-				$sql = 'ROWS '. (int) $offset . ' TO ' . ($limit + $offset);
-			}
+			$select = 'ROWS '
+				.($offset > 0 ? (int) $offset.' TO '.($limit + $offset) : (int) $limit);
 		}
 
-		return preg_replace('`SELECT`i', "SELECT {$sql}", $orig_sql);
+		return preg_replace('`SELECT`i', 'SELECT '.$select, $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
index 5bf0c90..fd4178d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Interbase/Firebird Result Class
  *
@@ -43,18 +41,18 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function num_rows()
 	{
-		if( ! is_null($this->num_rows))
+		if (is_int($this->num_rows))
 		{
 			return $this->num_rows;
 		}
-		
-		//Get the results so that you can get an accurate rowcount
+
+		// Get the results so that you can get an accurate rowcount
 		$this->result();
-		
+
 		return $this->num_rows;
 	}
 
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function num_fields()
 	{
@@ -102,20 +100,17 @@
 	 */
 	public function field_data()
 	{
-		
 		$retval = array();
-		for ($i = 0, $num_fields = $this->num_fields(); $i < $num_fields; $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = $this->num_fields(); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			$info = ibase_field_info($this->result_id, $i);
-		
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= $info['name'];
-			$F->type		= $info['type'];
-			$F->max_length	= $info['length'];
-			$F->primary_key = 0;
-			$F->default		= '';
 
-			$retval[] = $F;
+			$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
+			$retval[$i]->name		= $info['name'];
+			$retval[$i]->type		= $info['type'];
+			$retval[$i]->max_length		= $info['length'];
+			$retval[$i]->primary_key	= 0;
+			$retval[$i]->default		= '';
 		}
 
 		return $retval;
@@ -126,7 +121,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function free_result()
 	{
@@ -138,7 +133,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
@@ -146,11 +141,8 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
-		//Set the row count to 0
-		$this->num_rows = 0;
-	
-		//Interbase driver doesn't implement a suitable function
-		return FALSE;	
+		// Interbase driver doesn't implement a suitable function
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -169,7 +161,7 @@
 			//Increment row count
 			$this->num_rows++;
 		}
-	
+
 		return $row;
 	}
 
@@ -189,10 +181,10 @@
 			//Increment row count
 			$this->num_rows++;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $row;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -202,29 +194,20 @@
 	 */
 	public function result_object()
 	{
-		if (count($this->result_object) > 0)
+		if (count($this->result_object) === $this->num_rows)
 		{
 			return $this->result_object;
 		}
-		
-		// Convert result array to object so that 
+
+		// Convert result array to object so that
 		// We don't have to get the result again
-		if (count($this->result_array) > 0)
+		if (($c = count($this->result_array)) > 0)
 		{
-			$i = 0;
-		
-			foreach ($this->result_array as $array)
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				$this->result_object[$i] = new StdClass();
-			
-				foreach ($array as $key => $val)
-				{
-					$this->result_object[$i]->{$key} = $val;
-				}
-				
-				++$i;
+				$this->result_object[$i] = (object) $this->result_array[$i];
 			}
-			
+
 			return $this->result_object;
 		}
 
@@ -254,20 +237,20 @@
 	 */
 	public function result_array()
 	{
-		if (count($this->result_array) > 0)
+		if (count($this->result_array) === $this->num_rows)
 		{
 			return $this->result_array;
 		}
-		
+
 		// Since the object and array are really similar, just case
 		// the result object to an array  if need be
-		if (count($this->result_object) > 0)
+		if (($c = count($this->result_object)) > 0)
 		{
-			foreach ($this->result_object as $obj)
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				$this->result_array[] = (array) $obj;
+				$this->result_array[$i] = (array) $this->result_object[$i];
 			}
-		
+
 			return $this->result_array;
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index 1c1b845..81af6cd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -52,10 +52,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
-	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
+	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() methods.
 	 */
 	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
-	protected $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' NEWID()';
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
@@ -92,21 +92,6 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function reconnect()
-	{
-		// not implemented in MSSQL
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	database name
@@ -554,13 +539,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index 4c5d521..47b0449 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		return ($this->port != '')
-			? @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
-			: @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
+			? @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
+			: @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@
 		}
 
 		return ($this->port != '')
-			? @mysqli_connect('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
-			: @mysqli_connect('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
+			? @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
+			: @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function reconnect()
 	{
-		if (mysqli_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
+		if ($this->conn_id !== FALSE && $this->conn_id->ping() === FALSE)
 		{
 			$this->conn_id = FALSE;
 		}
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 			$database = $this->database;
 		}
 
-		if (@mysqli_select_db($this->conn_id, $database))
+		if (@$this->conn_id->select_db($database))
 		{
 			$this->database = $database;
 			return TRUE;
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
-		return @mysqli_set_charset($this->conn_id, $charset);
+		return @$this->conn_id->set_charset($charset);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 	{
 		return isset($this->data_cache['version'])
 			? $this->data_cache['version']
-			: $this->data_cache['version'] = @mysqli_get_server_info($this->conn_id);
+			: $this->data_cache['version'] = $this->conn_id->server_info;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		return @mysqli_query($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
+		return @$this->conn_id->query($this->_prep_query($sql));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		$str = is_object($this->conn_id) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($this->conn_id, $str) : addslashes($str);
+		$str = is_object($this->conn_id) ? $this->conn_id->real_escape_string($str) : addslashes($str);
 
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function affected_rows()
 	{
-		return @mysqli_affected_rows($this->conn_id);
+		return $this->conn_id->affected_rows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		return @mysqli_insert_id($this->conn_id);
+		return $this->conn_id->insert_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -357,7 +357,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -434,7 +433,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function error()
 	{
-		return array('code' => mysqli_errno($this->conn_id), 'message' => mysqli_error($this->conn_id));
+		return array('code' => $this->conn_id->errno, 'message' => $this->conn_id->error);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -691,7 +690,8 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
-		@mysqli_close($conn_id);
+		$this->conn_id->close();
+		$this->conn_id = FALSE;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
index 83d88aa..cf03622 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function num_rows()
 	{
-		return @mysqli_num_rows($this->result_id);
+		return $this->result_id->num_rows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function num_fields()
 	{
-		return @mysqli_num_fields($this->result_id);
+		return $this->result_id->field_count;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
-		while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($this->result_id))
+		while ($field = $this->result_id->fetch_field())
 		{
 			$field_names[] = $field->name;
 		}
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
-		$field_data = mysqli_fetch_fields($this->result_id);
+		$field_data = $this->result_id->fetch_fields();
 		for ($i = 0, $c = count($field_data); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 	{
 		if (is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
-			mysqli_free_result($this->result_id);
+			$this->result_id->free();
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
 		}
 	}
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
-		return mysqli_data_seek($this->result_id, $n);
+		return $this->result_id->data_seek($n);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
-		return mysqli_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
+		return $this->result_id->fetch_assoc();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
-		return mysqli_fetch_object($this->result_id);
+		return $this->result_id->fetch_object();
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index e3846bc..3bc8c11 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * oci8 Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -50,46 +48,125 @@
  * @author	  Kelly McArdle
  *
  */
-
 class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'oci8';
+	public $dbdriver = 'oci8';
 
 	// The character used for excaping
-	var $_escape_char = '"';
+	protected $_escape_char = '"';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " escape '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(1) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(1) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
 
 	// Set "auto commit" by default
-	var $_commit = OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS;
+	protected $_commit = OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS;
 
 	// need to track statement id and cursor id
-	var $stmt_id;
-	var $curs_id;
+	public $stmt_id;
+	public $curs_id;
 
 	// if we use a limit, we will add a field that will
 	// throw off num_fields later
-	var $limit_used;
+	public $limit_used;
+
+	public function __construct($params)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($params);
+
+		$valid_dsns = array(
+					'tns'	=> '/^\(DESCRIPTION=(\(.+\)){2,}\)$/', // TNS
+					// Easy Connect string (Oracle 10g+)
+					'ec'	=> '/^(\/\/)?[a-z0-9.:_-]+(:[1-9][0-9]{0,4})?(\/[a-z0-9$_]+)?(:[^\/])?(\/[a-z0-9$_]+)?$/i',
+					'in'	=> '/^[a-z0-9$_]+$/i' // Instance name (defined in tnsnames.ora)
+				);
+
+		/* Space characters don't have any effect when actually
+		 * connecting, but can be a hassle while validating the DSN.
+		 */
+		$this->dsn = str_replace(array("\n", "\r", "\t", ' '), '', $this->dsn);
+
+		if ($this->dsn !== '')
+		{
+			foreach ($valid_dsns as $regexp)
+			{
+				if (preg_match($regexp, $this->dsn))
+				{
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Legacy support for TNS in the hostname configuration field
+		$this->hostname = str_replace(array("\n", "\r", "\t", ' '), '', $this->hostname);
+		if (preg_match($valid_dsns['tns'], $this->hostname))
+		{
+			$this->dsn = $this->hostname;
+			return;
+		}
+		elseif ($this->hostname !== '' && strpos($this->hostname, '/') === FALSE && strpos($this->hostname, ':') === FALSE
+			&& (( ! empty($this->port) && ctype_digit($this->port)) OR $this->database !== ''))
+		{
+			/* If the hostname field isn't empty, doesn't contain
+			 * ':' and/or '/' and if port and/or database aren't
+			 * empty, then the hostname field is most likely indeed
+			 * just a hostname. Therefore we'll try and build an
+			 * Easy Connect string from these 3 settings, assuming
+			 * that the database field is a service name.
+			 */
+			$this->dsn = $this->hostname
+					.(( ! empty($this->port) && ctype_digit($this->port)) ? ':'.$this->port : '')
+					.($this->database !== '' ? '/'.ltrim($this->database, '/') : '');
+
+			if (preg_match($valid_dsns['ec'], $this->dsn))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* At this point, we can only try and validate the hostname and
+		 * database fields separately as DSNs.
+		 */
+		if (preg_match($valid_dsns['ec'], $this->hostname) OR preg_match($valid_dsns['in'], $this->hostname))
+		{
+			$this->dsn = $this->hostname;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$this->database = str_replace(array("\n", "\r", "\t", ' '), '', $this->database);
+		foreach ($valid_dsns as $regexp)
+		{
+			if (preg_match($regexp, $this->database))
+			{
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Well - OK, an empty string should work as well.
+		 * PHP will try to use environment variables to
+		 * determine which Oracle instance to connect to.
+		 */
+		$this->dsn = '';
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access  private called by the base class
-	 * @return  resource
+	 * @return	resource
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return @oci_connect($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
+		return ( ! empty($this->char_set))
+			? @oci_connect($this->username, $this->password, $this->dsn, $this->char_set)
+			: @oci_connect($this->username, $this->password, $this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -97,29 +174,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access  private called by the base class
-	 * @return  resource
+	 * @return	resource
 	 */
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return @oci_pconnect($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function reconnect()
-	{
-		// not implemented in oracle
-		return;
+		return ( ! empty($this->char_set))
+			? @oci_pconnect($this->username, $this->password, $this->dsn, $this->char_set)
+			: @oci_pconnect($this->username, $this->password, $this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -127,8 +188,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access  private called by the base class
-	 * @return  resource
+	 * @return	resource
 	 */
 	public function db_select()
 	{
@@ -155,9 +215,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected  called by the base class
-	 * @param   string  an SQL query
-	 * @return  resource
+	 * @param	string	an SQL query
+	 * @return	resource
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
@@ -172,25 +231,23 @@
 	/**
 	 * Generate a statement ID
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
-	 * @param   string  an SQL query
-	 * @return  none
+	 * @param	string	an SQL query
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _set_stmt_id($sql)
+	protected function _set_stmt_id($sql)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
 		{
 			$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $sql);
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * getCursor.  Returns a cursor from the datbase
+	 * Get cursor. Returns a cursor from the database
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  cursor id
+	 * @return	cursor id
 	 */
 	public function get_cursor()
 	{
@@ -203,11 +260,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Stored Procedure.  Executes a stored procedure
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @param   package	 package stored procedure is in
-	 * @param   procedure   stored procedure to execute
-	 * @param   params	  array of parameters
-	 * @return  array
+	 * @param	string	package stored procedure is in
+	 * @param	string	stored procedure to execute
+	 * @param	array	parameters
+	 * @return	object
 	 *
 	 * params array keys
 	 *
@@ -256,10 +312,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Bind parameters
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
-	 * @return  none
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _bind_params($params)
+	protected function _bind_params($params)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($params) OR ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
 		{
@@ -285,7 +340,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
@@ -315,7 +369,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
@@ -341,7 +394,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
@@ -401,8 +453,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function affected_rows()
 	{
@@ -414,8 +465,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function insert_id()
 	{
@@ -431,9 +481,8 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @param   string
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
@@ -460,8 +509,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
@@ -483,9 +531,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected
-	 * @param   string  the table name
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
@@ -499,9 +546,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @param   string  the table name
-	 * @return  object
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
@@ -546,11 +592,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	protected function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -589,9 +634,8 @@
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
@@ -610,11 +654,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @param   string  the table name
-	 * @param   array   the insert keys
-	 * @param   array   the insert values
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the insert keys
+	 * @param	array	the insert values
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
@@ -628,10 +671,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @param	string  the table name
-	 * @param	array   the insert keys
-	 * @param 	array   the insert values
-	 * @return 	string
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the insert keys
+	 * @param 	array	the insert values
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
@@ -655,7 +698,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -692,7 +734,6 @@
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -708,7 +749,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
@@ -742,11 +782,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected
-	 * @param   string  the sql query string
-	 * @param   integer the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param   integer the offset value
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @param	string	the sql query string
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
@@ -769,16 +808,14 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected
-	 * @param   resource
-	 * @return  void
+	 * @param	resource
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@oci_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
 /* End of file oci8_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
index 0a25199..8285a29 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Oracle Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -53,11 +50,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -144,10 +140,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -160,17 +155,16 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -212,12 +206,11 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
index a14e32e..c3f7757 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * oci8 Result Class
  *
@@ -57,9 +55,7 @@
 	 * Oracle doesn't have a graceful way to retun the number of rows
 	 * so we have to use what amounts to a hack.
 	 *
-	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function num_rows()
 	{
@@ -82,8 +78,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function num_fields()
 	{
@@ -105,7 +100,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function list_fields()
@@ -125,8 +119,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function field_data()
 	{
@@ -149,7 +142,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function free_result()
 	{
@@ -167,8 +160,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected
-	 * @return  array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
@@ -183,8 +175,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access  protected
-	 * @return  object
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
@@ -197,8 +188,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Query result.  "array" version.
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @return  array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function result_array()
 	{
@@ -221,11 +211,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
index 62dfb2f..e303fb6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Oracle Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -54,11 +51,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in Oracle?
 	}
@@ -70,11 +66,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in Oracle?
 	}
@@ -84,15 +79,15 @@
 	/**
 	 * Oracle Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file oci8_utility.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index 6704264..ad77311 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -57,12 +57,17 @@
 	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
 	protected $_random_keyword;
 
-
 	public function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
 		$this->_random_keyword = ' RND('.time().')'; // database specific random keyword
+
+		// Legacy support for DSN in the hostname field
+		if ($this->dsn == '')
+		{
+			$this->dsn = $this->hostname;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return @odbc_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
+		return @odbc_connect($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -84,22 +89,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return @odbc_pconnect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function reconnect()
-	{
-		// not implemented in odbc
+		return @odbc_pconnect($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 9b44e7c..f336eb0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * PDO Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,28 +40,28 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'pdo';
+	public $dbdriver = 'pdo';
 
 	// the character used to excape - not necessary for PDO
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str;
-	var $_like_escape_chr;
+	protected $_like_escape_str;
+	protected $_like_escape_chr;
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword;
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword;
 
 	// need to track the pdo driver and options
-	var $pdodriver;
-	var $options = array();
+	public $pdodriver;
+	public $options = array();
 
-	function __construct($params)
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
@@ -96,19 +94,18 @@
 			$this->_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '!';
 		}
-		
-		$this->trans_enabled   = FALSE;
+
+		$this->trans_enabled = FALSE;
 		$this->_random_keyword = ' RND('.time().')'; // database specific random keyword
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Connection String
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _connect_string($params)
+	protected function _connect_string($params)
 	{
 		if (strpos($this->hostname, ':'))
 		{
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@
 			$this->dsn = $this->pdodriver.':';
 
 			// Add hostname to the DSN for databases that need it
-			if ( ! empty($this->hostname) 
+			if ( ! empty($this->hostname)
 				&& strpos($this->hostname, ':') === FALSE
 				&& in_array($this->pdodriver, array('informix', 'mysql', 'pgsql', 'sybase', 'mssql', 'dblib', 'cubrid')))
 			{
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Add the database name to the DSN, if needed
-	    if (stripos($this->dsn, 'dbname') === FALSE 
+	    if (stripos($this->dsn, 'dbname') === FALSE
 	       && in_array($this->pdodriver, array('4D', 'pgsql', 'mysql', 'firebird', 'sybase', 'mssql', 'dblib', 'cubrid')))
 	    {
 	        $this->dsn .= 'dbname='.$this->database.';';
@@ -190,10 +187,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
 
@@ -205,14 +201,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE]    = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
+		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
 		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
-	
+
 		return $this->pdo_connect();
 	}
 
@@ -221,23 +216,22 @@
 	/**
 	 * PDO connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the PDO driver class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function pdo_connect()
+	public function pdo_connect()
 	{
 		// Refer : http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo-mysql.connection.php
-		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' && is_php('5.3.6'))
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'mysql' && ! is_php('5.3.6'))
 		{
 			$this->options[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND] = "SET NAMES $this->char_set COLLATE '$this->dbcollat'";
 		}
 
 		// Connecting...
-		try 
+		try
 		{
 			$db = new PDO($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
-		} 
-		catch (PDOException $e) 
+		}
+		catch (PDOException $e)
 		{
 			if ($this->db_debug && empty($this->failover))
 			{
@@ -253,33 +247,11 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	function reconnect()
-	{
-		if ($this->db->db_debug)
-		{
-			return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
-		}
-
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		// Not needed for PDO
 		return TRUE;
@@ -304,16 +276,15 @@
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 
 		$result_id = $this->conn_id->query($sql);
-		
+
 		if (is_object($result_id))
 		{
 			$this->affect_rows = $result_id->rowCount();
@@ -322,7 +293,7 @@
 		{
 			$this->affect_rows = 0;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $result_id;
 	}
 
@@ -333,11 +304,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	protected function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver === 'pgsql')
 		{
@@ -358,10 +328,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -387,10 +356,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -404,7 +372,7 @@
 		}
 
 		$ret = $this->conn->commit();
-		
+
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
@@ -413,10 +381,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -439,12 +406,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -455,24 +421,22 @@
 
 			return $str;
 		}
-		
+
 		//Escape the string
 		$str = $this->conn_id->quote($str);
-		
+
 		//If there are duplicated quotes, trim them away
 		if (strpos($str, "'") === 0)
 		{
 			$str = substr($str, 1, -1);
 		}
-		
+
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', 
-								      $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', 
-								      $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -483,10 +447,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return $this->affect_rows;
 	}
@@ -518,11 +481,10 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -550,11 +512,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
 		{
@@ -573,7 +534,7 @@
 
 		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			return FALSE; 
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -586,11 +547,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
@@ -602,11 +562,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' or $this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
 		{
@@ -623,7 +582,7 @@
 			// Analog function for sqlite
 			return 'PRAGMA table_info('.$this->_from_tables($table).')';
 		}
-		
+
 		return 'SELECT TOP 1 FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
 
@@ -663,11 +622,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -707,11 +665,10 @@
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -728,17 +685,16 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -746,13 +702,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
-	 * @param   string  the table name
-	 * @param   array   the insert keys
-	 * @param   array   the insert values
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the insert keys
+	 * @param	array	the insert values
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
 	}
@@ -764,7 +719,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -772,7 +726,7 @@
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -788,7 +742,7 @@
 
 		return $sql;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -796,13 +750,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids   = array();
 		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
@@ -841,7 +794,6 @@
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -851,11 +803,10 @@
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return $this->_delete($table);
 	}
@@ -867,13 +818,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -902,13 +852,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		if ($this->pdodriver == 'cubrid' OR $this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
 		{
@@ -920,7 +869,7 @@
 		{
 			$sql .= 'LIMIT '.$limit;
 			$sql .= ($offset > 0) ? ' OFFSET '.$offset : '';
-			
+
 			return $sql;
 		}
 	}
@@ -930,11 +879,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		$this->conn_id = null;
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
index 2e5c81d..6bff354 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * PDO Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database()
+	public function _create_database()
 	{
 		// PDO has no "create database" command since it's
 		// designed to connect to an existing database
@@ -59,11 +56,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		// PDO has no "drop database" command since it's
 		// designed to connect to an existing database
@@ -79,15 +75,14 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -191,10 +186,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported PDO feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -212,17 +206,16 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE `'.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).'` '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -265,12 +258,11 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index 384b753..5bbd85d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * PDO Result Class
  *
@@ -51,10 +49,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		if (empty($this->result_id) OR ! is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -74,10 +71,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the result handler
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function result_assoc()
+	public function result_assoc()
 	{
 		// If the result already fetched before, use that one
 		if (count($this->result_array) > 0 OR $this->is_fetched)
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@
 			// Define the method and handler
 			$res_method  = '_fetch_'.$type;
 			$res_handler = 'result_'.$type;
-			
+
 			$this->$res_handler = array();
 			$this->_data_seek(0);
 
@@ -116,10 +112,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return $this->result_id->columnCount();
 	}
@@ -131,16 +126,15 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	array
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
 		{
 			return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 		}
-		
+
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -151,13 +145,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$data = array();
-	
+
 		try
 		{
 			if (strpos($this->result_id->queryString, 'PRAGMA') !== FALSE)
@@ -173,7 +166,7 @@
 					$F->max_length	= ( ! empty($matches[2])) ? preg_replace('/[^\d]/', '', $matches[2]) : NULL;
 					$F->primary_key = (int) $field['pk'];
 					$F->pdo_type	= NULL;
-					
+
 					$data[] = $F;
 				}
 			}
@@ -188,7 +181,7 @@
 					$F->type	= $field['native_type'];
 					$F->default	= NULL;
 					$F->pdo_type	= $field['pdo_type'];
-					
+
 					if ($field['precision'] < 0)
 					{
 						$F->max_length	= NULL;
@@ -203,7 +196,7 @@
 					$data[] = $F;
 				}
 			}
-			
+
 			return $data;
 		}
 		catch (Exception $e)
@@ -222,9 +215,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -237,14 +230,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	array
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -256,10 +248,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return $this->result_id->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 	}
@@ -271,11 +262,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
-	{	
+	protected function _fetch_object()
+	{
 		return $this->result_id->fetchObject();
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
index c278c51..86c7983 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * PDO Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		// Not sure if PDO lets you list all databases...
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -59,11 +56,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported PDO feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -80,11 +76,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported PDO feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -99,11 +94,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * PDO Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 3bfccad..3e2d05c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -57,29 +57,64 @@
 	protected $_random_keyword = ' RANDOM()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
-	 * Connection String
+	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @return	string
+	 * Creates a DSN string to be used for db_connect() and db_pconnect()
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _connect_string()
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
-		$components = array(
-								'hostname'	=> 'host',
-								'port'		=> 'port',
-								'database'	=> 'dbname',
-								'username'	=> 'user',
-								'password'	=> 'password'
-							);
+		parent::__construct($params);
 
-		$connect_string = "";
-		foreach ($components as $key => $val)
+		if ( ! empty($this->dsn))
 		{
-			if (isset($this->$key) && $this->$key != '')
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$this->dsn === '' OR $this->dsn = '';
+
+		if (strpos($this->hostname, '/') !== FALSE)
+		{
+			// If UNIX sockets are used, we shouldn't set a port
+			$this->port = '';
+		}
+
+		$this->hostname === '' OR $this->dsn = 'host='.$this->hostname;
+
+		if ( ! empty($this->port) && ctype_digit($this->port))
+		{
+			$this->dsn .= 'host='.$this->port.' ';
+		}
+
+		if ($this->username !== '')
+		{
+			$this->dsn .= 'username='.$this->username.' ';
+
+			/* An empty password is valid!
+			 *
+			 * $db['password'] = NULL must be done in order to ignore it.
+			 */
+			$this->password === NULL OR $this->dsn .= "password='".$this->password."' ";
+		}
+
+		$this->database === '' OR $this->dsn .= 'dbname='.$this->database.' ';
+
+		/* We don't have these options as elements in our standard configuration
+		 * array, but they might be set by parse_url() if the configuration was
+		 * provided via string. Example:
+		 *
+		 * postgre://username:password@localhost:5432/database?connect_timeout=5&sslmode=1
+		 */
+		foreach (array('connect_timeout', 'options', 'sslmode', 'service') as $key)
+		{
+			if (isset($this->$key) && is_string($this->key) && $this->key !== '')
 			{
-				$connect_string .= " $val=".$this->$key;
+				$this->dsn .= $key."='".$this->key."' ";
 			}
 		}
-		return trim($connect_string);
+
+		$this->dsn = rtrim($this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -91,7 +126,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return @pg_connect($this->_connect_string());
+		return @pg_connect($this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -103,7 +138,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return @pg_pconnect($this->_connect_string());
+		return @pg_pconnect($this->dsn);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
index c6b71b4..cf29201 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
index de72b54..102c79b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLite Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,30 +40,29 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'sqlite';
+	public $dbdriver = 'sqlite';
 
 	// The character used to escape with - not needed for SQLite
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' Random()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' Random()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		if ( ! $conn_id = @sqlite_open($this->database, FILE_WRITE_MODE, $error))
 		{
@@ -87,10 +84,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		if ( ! $conn_id = @sqlite_popen($this->database, FILE_WRITE_MODE, $error))
 		{
@@ -110,28 +106,11 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	function reconnect()
-	{
-		// not implemented in SQLite
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		return TRUE;
 	}
@@ -155,11 +134,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		return @sqlite_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
 	}
@@ -169,10 +147,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -199,10 +176,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -224,10 +200,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -249,12 +224,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -271,9 +245,9 @@
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -284,10 +258,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return sqlite_changes($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -297,10 +270,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		return @sqlite_last_insert_rowid($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -313,11 +285,10 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -342,11 +313,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT name from sqlite_master WHERE type='table'";
 
@@ -364,11 +334,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		// Not supported
 		return FALSE;
@@ -381,11 +350,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
 	}
@@ -414,11 +382,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -457,11 +424,10 @@
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -478,13 +444,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -496,7 +461,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -504,7 +468,7 @@
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -534,11 +498,10 @@
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return $this->_delete($table);
 	}
@@ -550,13 +513,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -584,13 +546,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		if ($offset == 0)
 		{
@@ -609,18 +570,15 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@sqlite_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
 /* End of file sqlite_driver.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
index 26d0d94..068a556 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLite Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database()
+	public function _create_database()
 	{
 		// In SQLite, a database is created when you connect to the database.
 		// We'll return TRUE so that an error isn't generated
@@ -55,11 +52,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		if ( ! @file_exists($this->db->database) OR ! @unlink($this->db->database))
 		{
@@ -71,20 +67,20 @@
 		}
 		return TRUE;
 	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -184,12 +180,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 *  Unsupported feature in SQLite
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
 		{
@@ -206,17 +199,16 @@
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -261,12 +253,11 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
index ac2235c..b002aef 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLite Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @sqlite_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @sqlite_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,10 +65,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
 		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
@@ -90,10 +85,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
@@ -116,9 +110,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		// Not implemented in SQLite
 	}
@@ -128,14 +122,13 @@
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return sqlite_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -147,10 +140,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return sqlite_fetch_array($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -162,10 +154,9 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		if (function_exists('sqlite_fetch_object'))
 		{
@@ -186,6 +177,5 @@
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file sqlite_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 2c45183..bfc2ea0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -101,21 +101,6 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reconnect
-	 *
-	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
-	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
-	 *
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	public function reconnect()
-	{
-		// Not supported in MSSQL
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	database name
diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
index 464d1d1..6f56d9d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -103,4 +103,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file array_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/array_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/array_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
index 5787965..bdbc620 100644
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter CAPTCHA Helper
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Create CAPTCHA
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array	array of data for the CAPTCHA
  * @param	string	path to create the image in
  * @param	string	URL to the CAPTCHA image folder
@@ -57,35 +54,19 @@
 
 		foreach ($defaults as $key => $val)
 		{
-			if ( ! is_array($data))
+			if ( ! is_array($data) && empty($$key))
 			{
-				if ( ! isset($$key) OR $$key == '')
-				{
-					$$key = $val;
-				}
+				$$key = $val;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$$key = ( ! isset($data[$key])) ? $val : $data[$key];
+				$$key = isset($data[$key]) ? $data[$key] : $val;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($img_path == '' OR $img_url == '')
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! @is_dir($img_path))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! is_writable($img_path))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! extension_loaded('gd'))
+		if ($img_path == '' OR $img_url == ''
+			OR ! @is_dir($img_path) OR ! is_writeable($img_path)
+			OR ! extension_loaded('gd'))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -97,17 +78,12 @@
 		$now = microtime(TRUE);
 
 		$current_dir = @opendir($img_path);
-
 		while ($filename = @readdir($current_dir))
 		{
-			if ($filename != '.' && $filename != '..' && $filename != 'index.html')
+			if ($filename !== '.' && $filename !== '..' && $filename !== 'index.html'
+				&& (str_replace('.jpg', '', $filename) + $expiration) < $now)
 			{
-				$name = str_replace('.jpg', '', $filename);
-
-				if (($name + $expiration) < $now)
-				{
-					@unlink($img_path.$filename);
-				}
+				@unlink($img_path.$filename);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -117,141 +93,114 @@
 		// Do we have a "word" yet?
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-	   if ($word == '')
-	   {
+		if ($word == '')
+		{
 			$pool = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
-
-			$str = '';
-			for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++)
+			$word = '';
+			for ($i = 0, $mt_rand_max = strlen($pool) - 1; $i < 8; $i++)
 			{
-				$str .= substr($pool, mt_rand(0, strlen($pool) -1), 1);
+				$word .= $pool[mt_rand(0, $mt_rand_max)];
 			}
-
-			$word = $str;
-	   }
+		}
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		// Determine angle and position
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$length	= strlen($word);
 		$angle	= ($length >= 6) ? rand(-($length-6), ($length-6)) : 0;
 		$x_axis	= rand(6, (360/$length)-16);
-		$y_axis = ($angle >= 0 ) ? rand($img_height, $img_width) : rand(6, $img_height);
+		$y_axis = ($angle >= 0) ? rand($img_height, $img_width) : rand(6, $img_height);
 
-		// -----------------------------------
 		// Create image
-		// -----------------------------------
-
 		// PHP.net recommends imagecreatetruecolor(), but it isn't always available
-		if (function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
-		{
-			$im = imagecreatetruecolor($img_width, $img_height);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$im = imagecreate($img_width, $img_height);
-		}
+		$im = function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor')
+			? imagecreatetruecolor($img_width, $img_height)
+			: imagecreate($img_width, $img_height);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Assign colors
 		// -----------------------------------
-
-		$bg_color		= imagecolorallocate ($im, 255, 255, 255);
-		$border_color	= imagecolorallocate ($im, 153, 102, 102);
-		$text_color		= imagecolorallocate ($im, 204, 153, 153);
-		$grid_color		= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 182, 182);
+		$bg_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
+		$border_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 153, 102, 102);
+		$text_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 204, 153, 153);
+		$grid_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 182, 182);
 		$shadow_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 240, 240);
 
-		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Create the rectangle
-		// -----------------------------------
-
 		ImageFilledRectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width, $img_height, $bg_color);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Create the spiral pattern
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$theta		= 1;
 		$thetac		= 7;
 		$radius		= 16;
 		$circles	= 20;
 		$points		= 32;
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < ($circles * $points) - 1; $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $cp = ($circles * $points) - 1; $i < $cp; $i++)
 		{
-			$theta = $theta + $thetac;
-			$rad = $radius * ($i / $points );
+			$theta += $thetac;
+			$rad = $radius * ($i / $points);
 			$x = ($rad * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
 			$y = ($rad * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
-			$theta = $theta + $thetac;
+			$theta += $thetac;
 			$rad1 = $radius * (($i + 1) / $points);
 			$x1 = ($rad1 * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
-			$y1 = ($rad1 * sin($theta )) + $y_axis;
+			$y1 = ($rad1 * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
 			imageline($im, $x, $y, $x1, $y1, $grid_color);
-			$theta = $theta - $thetac;
+			$theta -= $thetac;
 		}
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Write the text
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		$use_font = ($font_path != '' && file_exists($font_path) && function_exists('imagettftext')) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-
-		if ($use_font == FALSE)
+		$use_font = ($font_path != '' && file_exists($font_path) && function_exists('imagettftext'));
+		if ($use_font === FALSE)
 		{
 			$font_size = 5;
-			$x = rand(0, $img_width/($length/3));
+			$x = rand(0, $img_width / ($length / 3));
 			$y = 0;
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$font_size	= 16;
-			$x = rand(0, $img_width/($length/1.5));
-			$y = $font_size+2;
+			$font_size = 16;
+			$x = rand(0, $img_width / ($length / 1.5));
+			$y = $font_size + 2;
 		}
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($word); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
 		{
-			if ($use_font == FALSE)
+			if ($use_font === FALSE)
 			{
-				$y = rand(0 , $img_height/2);
-				imagestring($im, $font_size, $x, $y, substr($word, $i, 1), $text_color);
-				$x += ($font_size*2);
+				$y = rand(0 , $img_height / 2);
+				imagestring($im, $font_size, $x, $y, $word[$i], $text_color);
+				$x += ($font_size * 2);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$y = rand($img_height/2, $img_height-3);
-				imagettftext($im, $font_size, $angle, $x, $y, $text_color, $font_path, substr($word, $i, 1));
+				$y = rand($img_height / 2, $img_height - 3);
+				imagettftext($im, $font_size, $angle, $x, $y, $text_color, $font_path, $word[$i]);
 				$x += $font_size;
 			}
 		}
 
 
-		// -----------------------------------
-		//  Create the border
-		// -----------------------------------
-
-		imagerectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width-1, $img_height-1, $border_color);
+		// Create the border
+		imagerectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width - 1, $img_height - 1, $border_color);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Generate the image
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$img_name = $now.'.jpg';
-
 		ImageJPEG($im, $img_path.$img_name);
-
-		$img = "<img src=\"$img_url$img_name\" width=\"$img_width\" height=\"$img_height\" style=\"border:0;\" alt=\" \" />";
-
+		$img = '<img src="'.$img_url.$img_name.'" style="width: '.$img_width.'; height: '.$img_height .'; border: 0;" alt=" " />';
 		ImageDestroy($im);
 
 		return array('word' => $word, 'time' => $now, 'image' => $img);
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /* End of file captcha_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/captcha_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
index ec8aa32..06560e7 100644
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -102,4 +102,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file cookie_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/cookie_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/cookie_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index d545532..f1ba364 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Date Helpers
  *
@@ -44,8 +42,7 @@
  *
  * Returns time() or its GMT equivalent based on the config file preference
  *
- * @access	public
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('now'))
 {
@@ -85,10 +82,9 @@
  * have to worry about escaping your text letters that
  * match the date codes.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
 {
@@ -118,9 +114,8 @@
  *
  * Returns a date formatted according to the submitted standard.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the chosen format
- * @param	integer	Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
@@ -157,10 +152,9 @@
  * Returns a span of seconds in this format:
  *	10 days 14 hours 36 minutes 47 seconds
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer	a number of seconds
- * @param	integer	Unix timestamp
- * @param	integer	a number of display units
+ * @param	int	a number of seconds
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	a number of display units
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
@@ -273,10 +267,9 @@
  * Takes a month/year as input and returns the number of days
  * for the given month/year. Takes leap years into consideration.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer a numeric month
- * @param	integer	a numeric year
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	a numeric month
+ * @param	int	a numeric year
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('days_in_month'))
 {
@@ -294,7 +287,7 @@
 
 		if ($month == 2)
 		{
-			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 AND $year % 100 != 0))
+			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 != 0))
 			{
 				return 29;
 			}
@@ -310,9 +303,8 @@
 /**
  * Converts a local Unix timestamp to GMT
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
 {
@@ -343,11 +335,10 @@
  * at the local value based on the timezone and DST setting
  * submitted
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @param	bool	whether DST is active
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('gmt_to_local'))
 {
@@ -374,9 +365,8 @@
 /**
  * Converts a MySQL Timestamp to Unix
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('mysql_to_unix'))
 {
@@ -409,8 +399,7 @@
  *
  * Formats Unix timestamp to the following prototype: 2006-08-21 11:35 PM
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @param	bool	whether to show seconds
  * @param	string	format: us or euro
  * @return	string
@@ -451,9 +440,8 @@
  *
  * Reverses the above process
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	format: us or euro
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 {
@@ -499,12 +487,12 @@
 		{
 			$ampm = strtolower($split['2']);
 
-			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'p' AND $hour < 12)
+			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'p' && $hour < 12)
 			{
 				$hour = $hour + 12;
 			}
 
-			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'a' AND $hour == 12)
+			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'a' && $hour == 12)
 			{
 				$hour =  '00';
 			}
@@ -525,10 +513,9 @@
  * Turns many "reasonably-date-like" strings into something
  * that is actually useful. This only works for dates after unix epoch.
  *
- * @access  public
- * @param   string  The terribly formatted date-like string
- * @param   string  Date format to return (same as php date function)
- * @return  string
+ * @param	string	The terribly formatted date-like string
+ * @param	string	Date format to return (same as php date function)
+ * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 {
@@ -593,7 +580,6 @@
  *
  * Generates a drop-down menu of timezones.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @param	string	classname
  * @param	string	menu name
@@ -634,10 +620,9 @@
 /**
  * Timezones
  *
- * Returns an array of timezones.  This is a helper function
+ * Returns an array of timezones. This is a helper function
  * for various other ones in this library
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -698,7 +683,7 @@
 
 		$tz = ($tz == 'GMT') ? 'UTC' : $tz;
 
-		return ( ! isset($zones[$tz])) ? 0 : $zones[$tz];
+		return isset($zones[$tz]) ? $zones[$tz] : 0;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
index d7ca13e..4044ace 100644
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -85,4 +85,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file directory_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/directory_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/directory_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 96ff29d..19192a1 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Generates headers that force a download to happen
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	filename
  * @param	mixed	the data to be downloaded
  * @param	bool	wether to try and send the actual file MIME type
@@ -125,4 +124,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file download_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/download_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/download_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/email_helper.php b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
index b87bce6..497625c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/email_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Email Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@
 /**
  * Validate email address
  *
- * @access	public
+ * @param	string
  * @return	bool
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('valid_email'))
@@ -58,7 +56,9 @@
 /**
  * Send an email
  *
- * @access	public
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	bool
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('send_email'))
@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file email_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
index 3fd6b82..6e8a4de 100644
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter File Helpers
  *
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Opens the file specfied in the path and returns it as a string.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -90,7 +87,6 @@
  * Writes data to the file specified in the path.
  * Creates a new file if non-existent.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @param	string	file data
  * @return	bool
@@ -123,7 +119,6 @@
  * If the second parameter is set to TRUE, any directories contained
  * within the supplied base directory will be nuked as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @param	bool	whether to delete any directories found in the path
  * @return	bool
@@ -142,7 +137,7 @@
 
 		while (FALSE !== ($filename = @readdir($current_dir)))
 		{
-			if ($filename !== '.' and $filename !== '..')
+			if ($filename !== '.' && $filename !== '..')
 			{
 				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename) && $filename[0] !== '.')
 				{
@@ -150,13 +145,13 @@
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					unlink($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename);
+					@unlink($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		@closedir($current_dir);
 
-		if ($del_dir == TRUE AND $level > 0)
+		if ($del_dir == TRUE && $level > 0)
 		{
 			return @rmdir($path);
 		}
@@ -173,7 +168,6 @@
  * Reads the specified directory and builds an array containing the filenames.
  * Any sub-folders contained within the specified path are read as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to source
  * @param	bool	whether to include the path as part of the filename
  * @param	bool	internal variable to determine recursion status - do not use in calls
@@ -224,7 +218,6 @@
  *
  * Any sub-folders contained within the specified path are read as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to source
  * @param	bool	Look only at the top level directory specified?
  * @param	bool	internal variable to determine recursion status - do not use in calls
@@ -278,7 +271,6 @@
 * Options are: name, server_path, size, date, readable, writable, executable, fileperms
 * Returns FALSE if the file cannot be found.
 *
-* @access	public
 * @param	string	path to file
 * @param	mixed	array or comma separated string of information returned
 * @return	array
@@ -345,7 +337,6 @@
  * Note: this is NOT an accurate way of determining file mime types, and is here strictly as a convenience
  * It should NOT be trusted, and should certainly NOT be used for security
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @return	mixed
  */
@@ -399,7 +390,6 @@
  * Takes a numeric value representing a file's permissions and returns
  * standard symbolic notation representing that value
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -467,7 +457,6 @@
  * Takes a numeric value representing a file's permissions and returns
  * a three character string representing the file's octal permissions
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -480,4 +469,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file file_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index 37337d9..e5b4876 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
  * @since		Version 1.0
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Form Helpers
  *
@@ -43,7 +41,6 @@
  *
  * Creates the opening portion of the form.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URI segments of the form destination
  * @param	array	a key/value pair of attributes
  * @param	array	a key/value pair hidden data
@@ -71,15 +68,15 @@
 
 		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"'._attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE).">\n";
 
-		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites	
-		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
+		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites
+		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE && ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))
 		{
 			$hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($hidden) AND count($hidden) > 0)
+		if (is_array($hidden) && count($hidden) > 0)
 		{
-			$form .= sprintf("<div style=\"display:none\">%s</div>", form_hidden($hidden));
+			$form .= sprintf('<div style="display:none;">%s</div>', form_hidden($hidden));
 		}
 
 		return $form;
@@ -93,7 +90,6 @@
  *
  * Creates the opening portion of the form, but with "multipart/form-data".
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URI segments of the form destination
  * @param	array	a key/value pair of attributes
  * @param	array	a key/value pair hidden data
@@ -121,10 +117,9 @@
 /**
  * Hidden Input Field
  *
- * Generates hidden fields.  You can pass a simple key/value string or an associative
- * array with multiple values.
+ * Generates hidden fields. You can pass a simple key/value string or
+ * an associative array with multiple values.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -157,7 +152,7 @@
 		{
 			foreach ($value as $k => $v)
 			{
-				$k = (is_int($k)) ? '' : $k;
+				$k = is_int($k) ? '' : $k;
 				form_hidden($name.'['.$k.']', $v, TRUE);
 			}
 		}
@@ -171,7 +166,6 @@
 /**
  * Text Input Field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -181,7 +175,7 @@
 {
 	function form_input($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
@@ -194,7 +188,6 @@
  *
  * Identical to the input function but adds the "password" type
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -221,7 +214,6 @@
  *
  * Identical to the input function but adds the "file" type
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -246,7 +238,6 @@
 /**
  * Textarea field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -256,7 +247,7 @@
 {
 	function form_textarea($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'cols' => '40', 'rows' => '10');
+		$defaults = array('name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'cols' => '40', 'rows' => '10');
 
 		if ( ! is_array($data) OR ! isset($data['value']))
 		{
@@ -268,7 +259,7 @@
 			unset($data['value']); // textareas don't use the value attribute
 		}
 
-		$name = (is_array($data)) ? $data['name'] : $data;
+		$name = is_array($data) ? $data['name'] : $data;
 		return '<textarea '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -278,12 +269,11 @@
 /**
  * Multi-select menu
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
- * @return	type
+ * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('form_multiselect'))
 {
@@ -303,7 +293,6 @@
 /**
  * Drop-down Menu
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	array
  * @param	string
@@ -314,28 +303,16 @@
 {
 	function form_dropdown($name = '', $options = array(), $selected = array(), $extra = '')
 	{
-    // If name is really an array then we'll call the function again using the array
-    if (is_array($name) && isset($name['name']))
-    {
-      
-      if ( ! isset($name['options'])) 
-      {
-        $name['options'] = array();
-      }
-      
-      if ( ! isset($name['selected'])) 
-      {
-        $name['selected'] = array();
-      }
-      
-      if ( ! isset($name['extra'])) 
-      {
-        $name['extra'] = '';
-      }
-      
-      return form_dropdown($name['name'], $name['options'], $name['selected'], $name['extra']);
-    }
-    
+		// If name is really an array then we'll call the function again using the array
+		if (is_array($name) && isset($name['name']))
+		{
+			isset($name['options']) OR $name['options'] = array();
+			isset($name['selected']) OR $name['selected'] = array();
+			isset($name['extra']) OR $name['extra'] = array();
+
+			return form_dropdown($name['name'], $name['options'], $name['selected'], $name['extra']);
+		}
+
 		if ( ! is_array($selected))
 		{
 			$selected = array($selected);
@@ -363,11 +340,11 @@
 
 				foreach ($val as $optgroup_key => $optgroup_val)
 				{
-					$sel = (in_array($optgroup_key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
+					$sel = in_array($optgroup_key, $selected) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
 					$form .= '<option value="'.$optgroup_key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $optgroup_val."</option>\n";
 				}
 
-				$form .= '</optgroup>'."\n";
+				$form .= "</optgroup>\n";
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -375,9 +352,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		$form .= "</select>\n";
-
-		return $form;
+		return $form."</select>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -386,7 +361,6 @@
 /**
  * Checkbox Field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -397,9 +371,9 @@
 {
 	function form_checkbox($data = '', $value = '', $checked = FALSE, $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'checkbox', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'checkbox', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
-		if (is_array($data) AND array_key_exists('checked', $data))
+		if (is_array($data) && array_key_exists('checked', $data))
 		{
 			$checked = $data['checked'];
 
@@ -431,7 +405,6 @@
 /**
  * Radio Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -457,7 +430,6 @@
 /**
  * Submit Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -467,7 +439,7 @@
 {
 	function form_submit($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -477,7 +449,6 @@
 /**
  * Reset Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -487,7 +458,7 @@
 {
 	function form_reset($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -497,7 +468,6 @@
 /**
  * Form Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -507,8 +477,8 @@
 {
 	function form_button($data = '', $content = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
-		if ( is_array($data) AND isset($data['content']))
+		$defaults = array('name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
+		if (is_array($data) && isset($data['content']))
 		{
 			$content = $data['content'];
 			unset($data['content']); // content is not an attribute
@@ -523,7 +493,6 @@
 /**
  * Form Label Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	The text to appear onscreen
  * @param	string	The id the label applies to
  * @param	string	Additional attributes
@@ -538,10 +507,10 @@
 
 		if ($id != '')
 		{
-			$label .= " for=\"$id\"";
+			$label .= ' for="'.$id.'"';
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_array($attributes) && count($attributes) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 			{
@@ -549,7 +518,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		return $label .= ">$label_text</label>";
+		return $label.'>'.$label_text.'</label>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -560,7 +529,6 @@
  * Used to produce <fieldset><legend>text</legend>.  To close fieldset
  * use form_fieldset_close()
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	The legend text
  * @param	string	Additional attributes
  * @return	string
@@ -572,7 +540,7 @@
 		$fieldset = '<fieldset'._attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE).">\n";
 		if ($legend_text != '')
 		{
-			$fieldset .= "<legend>$legend_text</legend>\n";
+			return $fieldset.'<legend>'.$legend_text."</legend>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $fieldset;
@@ -584,7 +552,6 @@
 /**
  * Fieldset Close Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -592,7 +559,7 @@
 {
 	function form_fieldset_close($extra = '')
 	{
-		return "</fieldset>".$extra;
+		return '</fieldset>'.$extra;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -601,7 +568,6 @@
 /**
  * Form Close Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -609,7 +575,7 @@
 {
 	function form_close($extra = '')
 	{
-		return "</form>".$extra;
+		return '</form>'.$extra;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -620,7 +586,6 @@
  *
  * Formats text so that it can be safely placed in a form field in the event it has HTML tags.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -670,10 +635,9 @@
  * Form Value
  *
  * Grabs a value from the POST array for the specified field so you can
- * re-populate an input field or textarea.  If Form Validation
+ * re-populate an input field or textarea. If Form Validation
  * is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	mixed
  */
@@ -703,7 +667,6 @@
  * Let's you set the selected value of a <select> menu via data in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -719,7 +682,7 @@
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' selected="selected"';
 				}
@@ -735,12 +698,9 @@
 					return '';
 				}
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 			{
-				if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-				{
-					return '';
-				}
+				return '';
 			}
 
 			return ' selected="selected"';
@@ -758,7 +718,6 @@
  * Let's you set the selected value of a checkbox via the value in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -774,7 +733,7 @@
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' checked="checked"';
 				}
@@ -790,12 +749,9 @@
 					return '';
 				}
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 			{
-				if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-				{
-					return '';
-				}
+				return '';
 			}
 
 			return ' checked="checked"';
@@ -813,7 +769,6 @@
  * Let's you set the selected value of a radio field via info in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -829,7 +784,7 @@
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' checked="checked"';
 				}
@@ -865,10 +820,9 @@
 /**
  * Form Error
  *
- * Returns the error for a specific form field.  This is a helper for the
+ * Returns the error for a specific form field. This is a helper for the
  * form validation class.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -892,10 +846,9 @@
 /**
  * Validation Error String
  *
- * Returns all the errors associated with a form submission.  This is a helper
+ * Returns all the errors associated with a form submission. This is a helper
  * function for the form validation class.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -920,7 +873,6 @@
  *
  * Helper function used by some of the form helpers
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	array
  * @param	array
  * @return	string
@@ -955,7 +907,7 @@
 				$val = form_prep($val, $default['name']);
 			}
 
-			$att .= $key . '="' . $val . '" ';
+			$att .= $key.'="'.$val.'" ';
 		}
 
 		return $att;
@@ -969,7 +921,6 @@
  *
  * Helper function used by some of the form helpers
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -978,14 +929,14 @@
 {
 	function _attributes_to_string($attributes, $formtag = FALSE)
 	{
-		if (is_string($attributes) AND strlen($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_string($attributes) && strlen($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			if ($formtag == TRUE AND strpos($attributes, 'method=') === FALSE)
+			if ($formtag == TRUE && strpos($attributes, 'method=') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$attributes .= ' method="post"';
 			}
 
-			if ($formtag == TRUE AND strpos($attributes, 'accept-charset=') === FALSE)
+			if ($formtag == TRUE && strpos($attributes, 'accept-charset=') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$attributes .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
@@ -993,21 +944,21 @@
 			return ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_object($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_object($attributes) && count($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			$attributes = (array)$attributes;
+			$attributes = (array) $attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
+		if (is_array($attributes) && ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
 		{
 			$atts = '';
 
-			if ( ! isset($attributes['method']) AND $formtag === TRUE)
+			if ( ! isset($attributes['method']) && $formtag === TRUE)
 			{
 				$atts .= ' method="post"';
 			}
 
-			if ( ! isset($attributes['accept-charset']) AND $formtag === TRUE)
+			if ( ! isset($attributes['accept-charset']) && $formtag === TRUE)
 			{
 				$atts .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
@@ -1030,7 +981,6 @@
  * Determines what the form validation class was instantiated as, fetches
  * the object and returns it.
  *
- * @access	private
  * @return	mixed
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_get_validation_object'))
@@ -1057,4 +1007,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file form_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index b8c4f36..0417bd2 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter HTML Helpers
  *
@@ -42,12 +40,10 @@
 /**
  * Heading
  *
- * Generates an HTML heading tag.  First param is the data.
- * Second param is the size of the heading tag.
+ * Generates an HTML heading tag.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	string	content
+ * @param	int	heading level
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('heading'))
@@ -65,7 +61,6 @@
  *
  * Generates an HTML unordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @return	string
@@ -85,7 +80,6 @@
  *
  * Generates an HTML ordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @return	string
@@ -105,11 +99,10 @@
  *
  * Generates an HTML ordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	string
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	mixed
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
@@ -131,13 +124,13 @@
 			$atts = '';
 			foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$atts .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $val . '"';
+				$atts .= ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
 			}
 			$attributes = $atts;
 		}
-		elseif (is_string($attributes) AND strlen($attributes) > 0)
+		elseif (is_string($attributes) && strlen($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			$attributes = ' '. $attributes;
+			$attributes = ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
 		// Write the opening list tag
@@ -175,8 +168,7 @@
 /**
  * Generates HTML BR tags based on number supplied
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('br'))
@@ -194,8 +186,8 @@
  *
  * Generates an <img /> element
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('img'))
@@ -217,7 +209,7 @@
 
 		foreach ($src as $k => $v)
 		{
-			if ($k === 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+			if ($k === 'src' && strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$CI =& get_instance();
 
@@ -232,7 +224,7 @@
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$img .= " $k=\"$v\"";
+				$img .= ' '.$k.'="'.$v.'"';
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -248,10 +240,9 @@
  * Generates a page document type declaration
  *
  * Valid options are xhtml-11, xhtml-strict, xhtml-trans, xhtml-frame,
- * html4-strict, html4-trans, and html4-frame.  Values are saved in the
+ * html4-strict, html4-trans, and html4-frame. Values are saved in the
  * doctypes config file.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	type	The doctype to be generated
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -263,7 +254,7 @@
 
 		if ( ! is_array($_doctypes))
 		{
-			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php'))
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php'))
 			{
 				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php');
 			}
@@ -278,7 +269,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		return (isset($_doctypes[$type])) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
+		return isset($_doctypes[$type]) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -289,13 +280,12 @@
  *
  * Generates link to a CSS file
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	stylesheet hrefs or an array
  * @param	string	rel
  * @param	string	type
  * @param	string	title
  * @param	string	media
- * @param	boolean	should index_page be added to the css path
+ * @param	bool	should index_page be added to the css path
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
@@ -309,7 +299,7 @@
 		{
 			foreach ($href as $k => $v)
 			{
-				if ($k === 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+				if ($k === 'href' && strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 				{
 					if ($index_page === TRUE)
 					{
@@ -322,11 +312,9 @@
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$link .= "$k=\"$v\" ";
+					$link .= $k.'="'.$v.'" ';
 				}
 			}
-
-			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -354,11 +342,9 @@
 			{
 				$link .= 'title="'.$title.'" ';
 			}
-
-			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 
-		return $link."\n";
+		return $link."/>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -367,8 +353,10 @@
 /**
  * Generates meta tags from an array of key/values
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('meta'))
@@ -381,13 +369,10 @@
 		{
 			$name = array(array('name' => $name, 'content' => $content, 'type' => $type, 'newline' => $newline));
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (isset($name['name']))
 		{
 			// Turn single array into multidimensional
-			if (isset($name['name']))
-			{
-				$name = array($name);
-			}
+			$name = array($name);
 		}
 
 		$str = '';
@@ -410,8 +395,7 @@
 /**
  * Generates non-breaking space entities based on number supplied
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nbs'))
@@ -423,4 +407,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file html_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
index 485806b..feeaf57 100644
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -199,8 +199,8 @@
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by the separator and changes them to spaces
  *
- * @param	string $str
- * @param 	string $separator
+ * @param	string	$str
+ * @param 	string	$separator
  * @return	str
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
@@ -214,19 +214,21 @@
 /**
  * Checks if the given word has a plural version.
  *
- * @param   string  the word to check
- * @return  bool    if the word is countable
+ * @param	string	the word to check
+ * @return	bool	if the word is countable
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
 {
 	function is_countable($word)
 	{
-		return ! (in_array(strtolower(strval($word)), array(
-			'equipment', 'information', 'rice', 'money',
-			'species', 'series', 'fish', 'meta'
-		)));
+		return ! in_array(strtolower(strval($word)),
+					array(
+						'equipment', 'information', 'rice', 'money',
+						'species', 'series', 'fish', 'meta'
+					)
+			);
 	}
 }
 
 /* End of file inflector_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
index 1d66df5..b31c971 100644
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Language Helpers
  *
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Fetches a language variable and optionally outputs a form label
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the language line
  * @param	string	the id of the form element
  * @return	string
@@ -58,7 +55,7 @@
 
 		if ($id != '')
 		{
-			$line = '<label for="'.$id.'">'.$line."</label>";
+			$line = '<label for="'.$id.'">'.$line.'</label>';
 		}
 
 		return $line;
@@ -66,4 +63,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file language_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
index b6c823d..40da6e7 100644
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Number Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Formats a numbers as bytes, based on size, and adds the appropriate suffix
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	// will be cast as int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -84,4 +81,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file number_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
index c31f0bd..6ee9907 100644
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Set Realpath
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool	checks to see if the path exists
  * @return	string
@@ -71,4 +70,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file path_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
index 8c7adea..d6f134c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -124,4 +124,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file security_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
index cc903bc..8dba74e 100644
--- a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Smiley Helpers
  *
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@
  * Returns the javascript required for the smiley insertion.  Optionally takes
  * an array of aliases to loosely couple the smiley array to the view.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	alias name or array of alias->field_id pairs
  * @param	string	field_id if alias name was passed in
  * @return	array
@@ -139,7 +136,6 @@
  * Returns an array of image tag links that can be clicked to be inserted
  * into a form field.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL to the folder containing the smiley images
  * @return	array
  */
@@ -193,7 +189,6 @@
  *
  * Takes a string as input and swaps any contained smileys for the actual image
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text to be parsed
  * @param	string	the URL to the folder containing the smiley images
  * @return	string
@@ -234,14 +229,13 @@
  *
  * Fetches the config/smiley.php file
  *
- * @access	private
  * @return	mixed
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
 {
 	function _get_smiley_array()
 	{
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
 		}
@@ -249,8 +243,8 @@
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/smileys.php');
 		}
-		
-		if (isset($smileys) AND is_array($smileys))
+
+		if (isset($smileys) && is_array($smileys))
 		{
 			return $smileys;
 		}
@@ -268,7 +262,6 @@
  *
  * DEPRECATED as of version 1.7.2, use smiley_js instead
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	form name
  * @param	string	field name
  * @return	string
@@ -288,6 +281,5 @@
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file smiley_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/smiley_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
index 607a12b..aed35c1 100644
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter String Helpers
  *
@@ -50,7 +48,6 @@
  *
  * this/that/theother
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -69,7 +66,6 @@
  *
  * Removes slashes contained in a string or in an array
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	string or array
  * @return	mixed	string or array
  */
@@ -100,7 +96,6 @@
  *
  * Removes single and double quotes from a string
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -119,7 +114,6 @@
  *
  * Converts single and double quotes to entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -145,7 +139,6 @@
  *
  * http://www.some-site.com/index.php
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -153,7 +146,7 @@
 {
 	function reduce_double_slashes($str)
 	{
-		return preg_replace("#(^|[^:])//+#", "\\1/", $str);
+		return preg_replace('#(^|[^:])//+#', '\\1/', $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +163,6 @@
  *
  * Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string	the character you wish to reduce
  * @param	bool	TRUE/FALSE - whether to trim the character from the beginning/end
@@ -184,7 +176,7 @@
 
 		if ($trim === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = trim($str, $character);
+			return trim($str, $character);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -198,9 +190,8 @@
  *
  * Useful for generating passwords or hashes.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	type of random string.  basic, alpha, alunum, numeric, nozero, unique, md5, encrypt and sha1
- * @param	integer	number of characters
+ * @param	int	number of characters
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('random_string'))
@@ -227,9 +218,9 @@
 						case 'nozero'	:	$pool = '123456789';
 							break;
 					}
-					
+
 					$str = substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($pool, ceil($len/strlen($pool)))),0,$len);
-					
+
 					return $str;
 				break;
 			case 'unique'	:
@@ -254,16 +245,19 @@
 /**
  * Add's _1 to a string or increment the ending number to allow _2, _3, etc
  *
- * @param   string  $str  required
- * @param   string  $separator  What should the duplicate number be appended with
- * @param   string  $first  Which number should be used for the first dupe increment
- * @return  string
+ * @param	string	required
+ * @param	string	What should the duplicate number be appended with
+ * @param	string	Which number should be used for the first dupe increment
+ * @return	string
  */
-function increment_string($str, $separator = '_', $first = 1)
+if ( ! function_exists('increment_string'))
 {
-	preg_match('/(.+)'.$separator.'([0-9]+)$/', $str, $match);
+	function increment_string($str, $separator = '_', $first = 1)
+	{
+		preg_match('/(.+)'.$separator.'([0-9]+)$/', $str, $match);
 
-	return isset($match[2]) ? $match[1].$separator.($match[2] + 1) : $str.$separator.$first;
+		return isset($match[2]) ? $match[1].$separator.($match[2] + 1) : $str.$separator.$first;
+	}
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -271,9 +265,8 @@
 /**
  * Alternator
  *
- * Allows strings to be alternated.  See docs...
+ * Allows strings to be alternated. See docs...
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string (as many parameters as needed)
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -298,19 +291,17 @@
 /**
  * Repeater function
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer	number of repeats
+ * @param	int	number of repeats
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('repeater'))
 {
 	function repeater($data, $num = 1)
 	{
-		return (($num > 0) ? str_repeat($data, $num) : '');
+		return ($num > 0) ? str_repeat($data, $num) : '';
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file string_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/string_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
index 7591bac..cc501c3 100644
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Text Helpers
  *
@@ -44,9 +42,8 @@
  *
  * Limits a string to X number of words.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @param	string	the end character. Usually an ellipsis
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -78,9 +75,8 @@
  * Limits the string based on the character count.  Preserves complete words
  * so the character count may not be exactly as specified.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @param	string	the end character. Usually an ellipsis
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -121,7 +117,6 @@
  *
  * Converts High ascii text and MS Word special characters to character entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -182,7 +177,6 @@
  *
  * Converts character entities back to ASCII
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -240,7 +234,6 @@
  * matched words will be converted to #### or to the replacement
  * word you've submitted.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @param	string	the array of censoered words
  * @param	string	the optional replacement value
@@ -286,7 +279,6 @@
  *
  * Colorizes code strings
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -330,7 +322,6 @@
  *
  * Highlights a phrase within a text string
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @param	string	the phrase you'd like to highlight
  * @param	string	the openging tag to precede the phrase with
@@ -360,7 +351,6 @@
 /**
  * Convert Accented Foreign Characters to ASCII
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -368,7 +358,7 @@
 {
 	function convert_accented_characters($str)
 	{
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php');
 		}
@@ -395,9 +385,8 @@
  * Anything placed between {unwrap}{/unwrap} will not be word wrapped, nor
  * will URLs.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
- * @param	integer	the number of characters to wrap at
+ * @param	int	the number of characters to wrap at
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('word_wrap'))
@@ -497,11 +486,11 @@
  *
  * This function will strip tags from a string, split it at its max_length and ellipsize
  *
- * @param	string		string to ellipsize
- * @param	integer		max length of string
- * @param	mixed		int (1|0) or float, .5, .2, etc for position to split
- * @param	string		ellipsis ; Default '...'
- * @return	string		ellipsized string
+ * @param	string	string to ellipsize
+ * @param	int	max length of string
+ * @param	mixed	int (1|0) or float, .5, .2, etc for position to split
+ * @param	string	ellipsis ; Default '...'
+ * @return	string	ellipsized string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('ellipsize'))
 {
@@ -534,4 +523,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file text_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/text_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/text_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
index 9b19c7c..7a3db5d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Typography Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Convert newlines to HTML line breaks except within PRE tags
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -61,8 +58,6 @@
 /**
  * Auto Typography Wrapper Function
  *
- *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool	whether to allow javascript event handlers
  * @param	bool	whether to reduce multiple instances of double newlines to two
@@ -86,7 +81,6 @@
  *
  * This function is a replacement for html_entity_decode()
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -101,4 +95,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file typography_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index 2ae1fd3..5576c27 100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter URL Helpers
  *
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@
  * Create a local URL based on your basepath. Segments can be passed via the
  * first parameter either as a string or an array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -67,8 +64,7 @@
  * Segments can be passed in as a string or an array, same as site_url
  * or a URL to a file can be passed in, e.g. to an image file.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('base_url'))
@@ -88,7 +84,6 @@
  * Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page where this
  * function is placed
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('current_url'))
@@ -106,7 +101,6 @@
  *
  * Returns the URI segments.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('uri_string'))
@@ -125,7 +119,6 @@
  *
  * Returns the "index_page" from your config file
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('index_page'))
@@ -144,7 +137,6 @@
  *
  * Creates an anchor based on the local URL.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -158,7 +150,7 @@
 
 		if ( ! is_array($uri))
 		{
-			$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
+			$site_url = preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri) ? $uri : site_url($uri);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -187,7 +179,6 @@
  * Creates an anchor based on the local URL. The link
  * opens a new window based on the attributes specified.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -198,7 +189,7 @@
 	function anchor_popup($uri = '', $title = '', $attributes = FALSE)
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
-		$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
+		$site_url = preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri) ? $uri : site_url($uri);
 
 		if ($title == '')
 		{
@@ -207,7 +198,7 @@
 
 		if ($attributes === FALSE)
 		{
-			return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title."</a>";
+			return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title.'</a>';
 		}
 
 		if ( ! is_array($attributes))
@@ -217,7 +208,7 @@
 
 		foreach (array('width' => '800', 'height' => '600', 'scrollbars' => 'yes', 'status' => 'yes', 'resizable' => 'yes', 'screenx' => '0', 'screeny' => '0', ) as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$atts[$key] = ( ! isset($attributes[$key])) ? $val : $attributes[$key];
+			$atts[$key] = isset($attributes[$key]) ? $attributes[$key] : $val;
 			unset($attributes[$key]);
 		}
 
@@ -226,7 +217,7 @@
 			$attributes = _parse_attributes($attributes);
 		}
 
-		return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"$attributes>".$title."</a>";
+		return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"".$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +226,6 @@
 /**
  * Mailto Link
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the email address
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -263,7 +253,6 @@
  *
  * Create a spam-protected mailto link written in Javascript
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the email address
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -373,10 +362,9 @@
  *
  * Automatically links URL and Email addresses.
  * Note: There's a bit of extra code here to deal with
- * URLs or emails that end in a period.  We'll strip these
+ * URLs or emails that end in a period. We'll strip these
  * off and add them after the link.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
  * @param	string	the type: email, url, or both
  * @param	bool	whether to create pop-up links
@@ -440,7 +428,6 @@
  *
  * Simply adds the http:// part if no scheme is included
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -470,12 +457,12 @@
  * Create URL Title
  *
  * Takes a "title" string as input and creates a
- * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string 
+ * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string
  * as the word separator.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
  * @param	string	the separator
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
@@ -484,21 +471,21 @@
 	{
 		if ($separator === 'dash')
 		{
-		    $separator = '-';
+			$separator = '-';
 		}
-		else if ($separator == 'underscore')
+		elseif ($separator === 'underscore')
 		{
-		    $separator = '_';
+			$separator = '_';
 		}
-		
+
 		$q_separator = preg_quote($separator);
 
 		$trans = array(
-			'&.+?;'                 => '',
-			'[^a-z0-9 _-]'          => '',
-			'\s+'                   => $separator,
-			'('.$q_separator.')+'   => $separator
-		);
+				'&.+?;'			=> '',
+				'[^a-z0-9 _-]'		=> '',
+				'\s+'			=> $separator,
+				'('.$q_separator.')+'	=> $separator
+			);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
 		foreach ($trans as $key => $val)
@@ -524,7 +511,6 @@
  * For very fine grained control over headers, you could use the Output
  * Library's set_header() function.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the method: location or refresh
  * @return	string
@@ -564,7 +550,6 @@
  *
  * Some of the functions use this
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	array
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -583,15 +568,15 @@
 		{
 			if ($javascript == TRUE)
 			{
-				$att .= $key . '=' . $val . ',';
+				$att .= $key.'='.$val.',';
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$att .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $val . '"';
+				$att .= ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($javascript == TRUE AND $att != '')
+		if ($javascript == TRUE && $att != '')
 		{
 			return substr($att, 0, -1);
 		}
@@ -601,4 +586,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file url_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
index f3ff576..67fd34b 100644
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter XML Helpers
  *
@@ -42,8 +40,8 @@
 /**
  * Convert Reserved XML characters to Entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
@@ -54,11 +52,11 @@
 
 		// Replace entities to temporary markers so that
 		// ampersands won't get messed up
-		$str = preg_replace("/&#(\d+);/", "$temp\\1;", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/&#(\d+);/', $temp.'\\1;', $str);
 
 		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', "$temp\\1;", $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', $temp.'\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		$str = str_replace(array('&', '<', '>', '"', "'", '-'),
@@ -66,11 +64,11 @@
 					$str);
 
 		// Decode the temp markers back to entities
-		$str = preg_replace('/$temp(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/'.$temp.'(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
 
 		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			return preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/", '&\\1;', $str);
+			return preg_replace('/'.$temp.'(\w+);/', '&\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -78,4 +76,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file xml_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
index 7642a52..f982416 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Caching Class
  *
@@ -50,108 +48,15 @@
 	protected $_adapter		= 'dummy';
 	protected $_backup_driver;
 
-	public function __construct($config = array())
-	{
-		if ( ! empty($config))
-		{
-			$this->_initialize($config);
-		}
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 	/**
-	 * Get
-	 *
-	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data
-	 * if not, return FALSE
-	 *
-	 * @param 	string
-	 * @return 	mixed		value that is stored/FALSE on failure
-	 */
-	public function get($id)
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get($id);
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Cache Save
-	 *
-	 * @param 	string		Unique Key
-	 * @param 	mixed		Data to store
-	 * @param 	int			Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
-	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
-	 */
-	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->save($id, $data, $ttl);
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Delete from Cache
-	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique identifier of the item in the cache
-	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
-	 */
-	public function delete($id)
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->delete($id);
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Clean the cache
-	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		false on failure/true on success
-	 */
-	public function clean()
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->clean();
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Cache Info
-	 *
-	 * @param 	string		user/filehits
-	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure
-	 */
-	public function cache_info($type = 'user')
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->cache_info($type);
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Get Cache Metadata
-	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to get cache metadata on
-	 * @return 	mixed		return value from child method
-	 */
-	public function get_metadata($id)
-	{
-		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get_metadata($id);
-	}
-
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Initialize
+	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Initialize class properties based on the configuration array.
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
-	 * @return 	void
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _initialize($config)
+	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
 		$default_config = array(
 				'adapter',
@@ -180,10 +85,92 @@
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get
+	 *
+	 * Look for a value in the cache. If it exists, return the data
+	 * if not, return FALSE
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	mixed	value that is stored/FALSE on failure
+	 */
+	public function get($id)
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get($id);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Cache Save
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	Unique Key
+	 * @param	mixed	Data to store
+	 * @param	int	Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
+	 */
+	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->save($id, $data, $ttl);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Delete from Cache
+	 *
+	 * @param	mixed	unique identifier of the item in the cache
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
+	 */
+	public function delete($id)
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->delete($id);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Clean the cache
+	 *
+	 * @return	bool	false on failure/true on success
+	 */
+	public function clean()
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->clean();
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Cache Info
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	user/filehits
+	 * @return	mixed	array on success, false on failure
+	 */
+	public function cache_info($type = 'user')
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->cache_info($type);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Get Cache Metadata
+	 *
+	 * @param	mixed	key to get cache metadata on
+	 * @return	mixed	return value from child method
+	 */
+	public function get_metadata($id)
+	{
+		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get_metadata($id);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Is the requested driver supported in this environment?
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string	The driver to test.
-	 * @return 	array
+	 * @param	string	The driver to test.
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function is_supported($driver)
 	{
@@ -202,8 +189,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * __get()
 	 *
-	 * @param 	child
-	 * @return 	object
+	 * @param	child
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function __get($child)
 	{
@@ -217,9 +204,7 @@
 		return $obj;
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
-// End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
index c387a30..59ab675 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter APC Caching Class
  *
@@ -36,23 +34,22 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
-
 class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 
 	/**
 	 * Get
 	 *
-	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data
+	 * Look for a value in the cache. If it exists, return the data
 	 * if not, return FALSE
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string
-	 * @return 	mixed		value that is stored/FALSE on failure
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	mixed	value that is stored/FALSE on failure
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
 	{
 		$data = apc_fetch($id);
 
-		return (is_array($data)) ? $data[0] : FALSE;
+		return is_array($data) ? $data[0] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -60,11 +57,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cache Save
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		Unique Key
-	 * @param 	mixed		Data to store
-	 * @param 	int			Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
+	 * @param	string	Unique Key
+	 * @param	mixed	Data to store
+	 * @param	int	Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
@@ -77,8 +74,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Delete from Cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique identifier of the item in the cache
-	 * @param 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	unique identifier of the item in the cache
+	 * @param	bool	true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Clean the cache
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		false on failure/true on success
+	 * @return	bool	false on failure/true on success
 	 */
 	public function clean()
 	{
@@ -102,8 +99,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cache Info
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		user/filehits
-	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure
+	 * @param	string	user/filehits
+	 * @return	mixed	array on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	 public function cache_info($type = NULL)
 	 {
@@ -115,8 +112,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Get Cache Metadata
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to get cache metadata on
-	 * @return 	mixed		array on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	key to get cache metadata on
+	 * @return	mixed	array on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function get_metadata($id)
 	{
@@ -142,10 +139,12 @@
 	 * is_supported()
 	 *
 	 * Check to see if APC is available on this system, bail if it isn't.
+	 *
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
 	{
-		if ( ! extension_loaded('apc') OR ini_get('apc.enabled') != "1")
+		if ( ! extension_loaded('apc') OR ! (bool) @ini_get('apc.enabled'))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The APC PHP extension must be loaded to use APC Cache.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -154,11 +153,7 @@
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
 }
-// End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_apc.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
index c9767e4..e8b791c 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Dummy Caching Class
  *
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
-
 class CI_Cache_dummy extends CI_Driver {
 
 	/**
@@ -44,8 +41,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Since this is the dummy class, it's always going to return FALSE.
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string
-	 * @return 	Boolean		FALSE
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool	FALSE
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
 	{
@@ -57,11 +54,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cache Save
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		Unique Key
-	 * @param 	mixed		Data to store
-	 * @param 	int			Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
-	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		TRUE, Simulating success
+	 * @param	string	Unique Key
+	 * @param	mixed	Data to store
+	 * @param	int	Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
+	 * @return	bool	TRUE, Simulating success
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
@@ -73,8 +69,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Delete from Cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique identifier of the item in the cache
-	 * @param 	boolean		TRUE, simulating success
+	 * @param	mixed	unique identifier of the item in the cache
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE, simulating success
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
@@ -86,7 +82,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Clean the cache
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		TRUE, simulating success
+	 * @return	bool	TRUE, simulating success
 	 */
 	public function clean()
 	{
@@ -98,8 +94,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cache Info
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		user/filehits
-	 * @return 	boolean		FALSE
+	 * @param	string	user/filehits
+	 * @return	bool	FALSE
 	 */
 	 public function cache_info($type = NULL)
 	 {
@@ -111,8 +107,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Get Cache Metadata
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to get cache metadata on
-	 * @return 	boolean		FALSE
+	 * @param	mixed	key to get cache metadata on
+	 * @return	bool	FALSE
 	 */
 	public function get_metadata($id)
 	{
@@ -125,17 +121,14 @@
 	 * Is this caching driver supported on the system?
 	 * Of course this one is.
 	 *
-	 * @return TRUE;
+	 * @return	bool	TRUE
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
 	{
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_dummy.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
index c0be0de..dd27aa9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Memcached Caching Class
  *
@@ -36,14 +34,10 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
-
 class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 
 	protected $_cache_path;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
@@ -57,8 +51,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Fetch from cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique key id
-	 * @return 	mixed		data on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	unique key id
+	 * @return	mixed	data on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
 	{
@@ -83,11 +77,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Save into cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		unique key
-	 * @param 	mixed		data to store
-	 * @param 	int			length of time (in seconds) the cache is valid
-	 *						- Default is 60 seconds
-	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	string	unique key
+	 * @param	mixed	data to store
+	 * @param	int	length of time (in seconds) the cache is valid
+	 *				- Default is 60 seconds
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
@@ -111,12 +105,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Delete from Cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique identifier of item in cache
-	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	unique identifier of item in cache
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
-		return (file_exists($this->_cache_path.$id)) ? unlink($this->_cache_path.$id) : FALSE;
+		return file_exists($this->_cache_path.$id) ? unlink($this->_cache_path.$id) : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -124,7 +118,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Clean the Cache
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		false on failure/true on success
+	 * @return	bool	false on failure/true on success
 	 */
 	public function clean()
 	{
@@ -138,8 +132,8 @@
 	 *
 	 * Not supported by file-based caching
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string	user/filehits
-	 * @return 	mixed 	FALSE
+	 * @param	string	user/filehits
+	 * @return	mixed	FALSE
 	 */
 	public function cache_info($type = NULL)
 	{
@@ -151,8 +145,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Get Cache Metadata
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to get cache metadata on
-	 * @return 	mixed		FALSE on failure, array on success.
+	 * @param	mixed	key to get cache metadata on
+	 * @return	mixed	FALSE on failure, array on success.
 	 */
 	public function get_metadata($id)
 	{
@@ -188,16 +182,14 @@
 	 *
 	 * In the file driver, check to see that the cache directory is indeed writable
 	 *
-	 * @return boolean
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
 	{
 		return is_really_writable($this->_cache_path);
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
-// End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_file.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
index b8f2d7e..1028c8f 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Memcached Caching Class
  *
@@ -36,12 +34,11 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
-
 class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 
-	private $_memcached;	// Holds the memcached object
+	protected $_memcached;	// Holds the memcached object
 
-	protected $_memcache_conf 	= array(
+	protected $_memcache_conf	= array(
 					'default' => array(
 						'default_host'		=> '127.0.0.1',
 						'default_port'		=> 11211,
@@ -49,19 +46,17 @@
 					)
 				);
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 	/**
 	 * Fetch from cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		unique key id
-	 * @return 	mixed		data on success/false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	unique key id
+	 * @return	mixed	data on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
 	{
 		$data = $this->_memcached->get($id);
 
-		return (is_array($data)) ? $data[0] : FALSE;
+		return is_array($data) ? $data[0] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -69,18 +64,18 @@
 	/**
 	 * Save
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string		unique identifier
-	 * @param 	mixed		data being cached
-	 * @param 	int			time to live
-	 * @return 	boolean 	true on success, false on failure
+	 * @param	string	unique identifier
+	 * @param	mixed	data being cached
+	 * @param	int	time to live
+	 * @return	bool true on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
-		if (get_class($this->_memcached) == 'Memcached')
+		if (get_class($this->_memcached) === 'Memcached')
 		{
 			return $this->_memcached->set($id, array($data, time(), $ttl), $ttl);
 		}
-		else if (get_class($this->_memcached) == 'Memcache')
+		elseif (get_class($this->_memcached) === 'Memcache')
 		{
 			return $this->_memcached->set($id, array($data, time(), $ttl), 0, $ttl);
 		}
@@ -93,8 +88,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Delete from Cache
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to be deleted.
-	 * @return 	boolean 	true on success, false on failure
+	 * @param	mixed	key to be deleted.
+	 * @return	bool true on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
@@ -106,7 +101,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Clean the Cache
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean		false on failure/true on success
+	 * @return	bool	false on failure/true on success
 	 */
 	public function clean()
 	{
@@ -118,10 +113,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cache Info
 	 *
-	 * @param 	null		type not supported in memcached
-	 * @return 	mixed 		array on success, false on failure
+	 * @return	mixed	array on success, false on failure
 	 */
-	public function cache_info($type = NULL)
+	public function cache_info()
 	{
 		return $this->_memcached->getStats();
 	}
@@ -131,8 +125,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Get Cache Metadata
 	 *
-	 * @param 	mixed		key to get cache metadata on
-	 * @return 	mixed		FALSE on failure, array on success.
+	 * @param	mixed	key to get cache metadata on
+	 * @return	mixed	FALSE on failure, array on success.
 	 */
 	public function get_metadata($id)
 	{
@@ -156,8 +150,10 @@
 
 	/**
 	 * Setup memcached.
+	 *
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _setup_memcached()
+	protected function _setup_memcached()
 	{
 		// Try to load memcached server info from the config file.
 		$CI =& get_instance();
@@ -179,14 +175,13 @@
 		{
 			$this->_memcached = new Memcached();
 		}
-		else if (class_exists('Memcache'))
+		elseif (class_exists('Memcache'))
 		{
 			$this->_memcached = new Memcache();
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Failed to create object for Memcached Cache; extension not loaded?');
-
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
@@ -237,23 +232,21 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns FALSE if memcached is not supported on the system.
 	 * If it is, we setup the memcached object & return TRUE
+	 *
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
 	{
 		if ( ! extension_loaded('memcached') && ! extension_loaded('memcache'))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The Memcached Extension must be loaded to use Memcached Cache.');
-
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		return $this->_setup_memcached();
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_memcached.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
index df619d4..b32e66a 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Wincache Caching Class
  *
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@
  * @author		Mike Murkovic
  * @link
  */
-
 class CI_Cache_wincache extends CI_Driver {
 
 	/**
@@ -68,7 +65,7 @@
 	 * @param	string	Unique Key
 	 * @param	mixed	Data to store
 	 * @param	int	Length of time (in seconds) to cache the data
-	 * @return 	bool	true on success/false on failure
+	 * @return	bool	true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
@@ -162,4 +159,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Cache_wincache.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_wincache.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
index 6c04de8..b6f145d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Calendar Class
  *
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@
  */
 class CI_Calendar {
 
-	private $CI;
+	protected $CI;
 	public $lang;
 	public $local_time;
 	public $template		= '';
@@ -54,6 +52,9 @@
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Loads the calendar language file and sets the default time reference
+	 *
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@
 			$this->initialize($config);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Calendar Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Calendar Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -81,7 +82,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Accepts an associative array as input, containing display preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array	config preferences
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -101,9 +101,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Generate the calendar
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer	the year
-	 * @param	integer	the month
+	 * @param	int	the year
+	 * @param	int	the month
 	 * @param	array	the data to be shown in the calendar cells
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@
 		// Set the starting day number
 		$local_date = mktime(12, 0, 0, $month, 1, $year);
 		$date = getdate($local_date);
-		$day  = $start_day + 1 - $date["wday"];
+		$day  = $start_day + 1 - $date['wday'];
 
 		while ($day > 1)
 		{
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@
 		$cur_month	= date('m', $this->local_time);
 		$cur_day	= date('j', $this->local_time);
 
-		$is_current_month = ($cur_year == $year AND $cur_month == $month) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$is_current_month = ($cur_year == $year && $cur_month == $month);
 
 		// Generate the template data array
 		$this->parse_template();
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@
 		if ($this->show_next_prev == TRUE)
 		{
 			// Add a trailing slash to the  URL if needed
-			$this->next_prev_url = preg_replace("/(.+?)\/*$/", "\\1/",  $this->next_prev_url);
+			$this->next_prev_url = preg_replace('/(.+?)\/*$/', '\\1/',  $this->next_prev_url);
 
 			$adjusted_date = $this->adjust_date($month - 1, $year);
 			$out .= str_replace('{previous_url}', $this->next_prev_url.$adjusted_date['year'].'/'.$adjusted_date['month'], $this->temp['heading_previous_cell'])."\n";
@@ -213,21 +212,21 @@
 
 			for ($i = 0; $i < 7; $i++)
 			{
-				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_start_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_start'];
+				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE && $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_start_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_start'];
 
-				if ($day > 0 AND $day <= $total_days)
+				if ($day > 0 && $day <= $total_days)
 				{
 					if (isset($data[$day]))
 					{
 						// Cells with content
-						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ?
+						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE && $day == $cur_day) ?
 								$this->temp['cal_cell_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_content'];
 						$out .= str_replace(array('{content}', '{day}'), array($data[$day], $day), $temp);
 					}
 					else
 					{
 						// Cells with no content
-						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ?
+						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE && $day == $cur_day) ?
 								$this->temp['cal_cell_no_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_no_content'];
 						$out .= str_replace('{day}', $day, $temp);
 					}
@@ -238,7 +237,7 @@
 					$out .= $this->temp['cal_cell_blank'];
 				}
 
-				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_end_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_end'];
+				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE && $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_end_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_end'];
 				$day++;
 			}
 
@@ -258,8 +257,7 @@
 	 * Generates a textual month name based on the numeric
 	 * month provided.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer	the month
+	 * @param	int	the month
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_month_name($month)
@@ -289,9 +287,8 @@
 	 * Get Day Names
 	 *
 	 * Returns an array of day names (Sunday, Monday, etc.) based
-	 * on the type.  Options: long, short, abrev
+	 * on the type. Options: long, short, abrev
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
@@ -333,9 +330,8 @@
 	 * For example, if you submit 13 as the month, the year will
 	 * increment and the month will become January.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer	the month
-	 * @param	integer	the year
+	 * @param	int	the month
+	 * @param	int	the year
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function adjust_date($month, $year)
@@ -370,10 +366,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Total days in a given month
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer	the month
-	 * @param	integer	the year
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @param	int	the month
+	 * @param	int	the year
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function get_total_days($month, $year)
 	{
@@ -387,7 +382,7 @@
 		// Is the year a leap year?
 		if ($month == 2)
 		{
-			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 AND $year % 100 != 0))
+			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 != 0))
 			{
 				return 29;
 			}
@@ -403,8 +398,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * This is used in the event that the user has not created their own template
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function default_template()
 	{
@@ -441,7 +435,6 @@
 	 * Harvests the data within the template {pseudo-variables}
 	 * used to display the calendar
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function parse_template()
@@ -457,7 +450,7 @@
 
 		foreach (array('table_open', 'table_close', 'heading_row_start', 'heading_previous_cell', 'heading_title_cell', 'heading_next_cell', 'heading_row_end', 'week_row_start', 'week_day_cell', 'week_row_end', 'cal_row_start', 'cal_cell_start', 'cal_cell_content', 'cal_cell_no_content',  'cal_cell_blank', 'cal_cell_end', 'cal_row_end', 'cal_cell_start_today', 'cal_cell_content_today', 'cal_cell_no_content_today', 'cal_cell_end_today') as $val)
 		{
-			if (preg_match("/\{".$val."\}(.*?)\{\/".$val."\}/si", $this->template, $match))
+			if (preg_match('/\{'.$val.'\}(.*?)\{\/'.$val.'\}/si', $this->template, $match))
 			{
 				$this->temp[$val] = $match[1];
 			}
@@ -470,7 +463,5 @@
 
 }
 
-// END CI_Calendar class
-
 /* End of file Calendar.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Calendar.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Calendar.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
index 60a1e52..ca7be55 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Shopping Cart Class
  *
@@ -41,12 +39,11 @@
 	// These are the regular expression rules that we use to validate the product ID and product name
 	public $product_id_rules	= '\.a-z0-9_-'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, or periods
 	public $product_name_rules	= '\.\:\-_ a-z0-9'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, colons or periods
-	public $product_name_safe  = true; // only allow safe product names
+	public $product_name_safe	= TRUE; // only allow safe product names
 
-	// Private variables.  Do not change!
-	private $CI;
-	private $_cart_contents	= array();
-
+	// Protected variables. Do not change!
+	protected $CI;
+	protected $_cart_contents	= array();
 
 	/**
 	 * Shopping Class Constructor
@@ -72,7 +69,7 @@
 			$this->_cart_contents = array('cart_total' => 0, 'total_items' => 0);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Cart Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Cart Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -80,7 +77,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert items into the cart and save it to the session table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@
 		{
 			foreach ($items as $val)
 			{
-				if (is_array($val) AND isset($val['id']))
+				if (is_array($val) && isset($val['id']))
 				{
 					if ($this->_insert($val))
 					{
@@ -135,11 +131,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Insert
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _insert($items = array())
+	protected function _insert($items = array())
 	{
 		// Was any cart data passed? No? Bah...
 		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) === 0)
@@ -213,7 +208,7 @@
 		// Internally, we need to treat identical submissions, but with different options, as a unique product.
 		// Our solution is to convert the options array to a string and MD5 it along with the product ID.
 		// This becomes the unique "row ID"
-		if (isset($items['options']) AND count($items['options']) > 0)
+		if (isset($items['options']) && count($items['options']) > 0)
 		{
 			$rowid = md5($items['id'].implode('', $items['options']));
 		}
@@ -249,7 +244,6 @@
 	 * changes to the quantity before checkout. That array must contain the
 	 * product ID and quantity for each item.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -308,11 +302,10 @@
 	 * changes to the quantity before checkout. That array must contain the
 	 * product ID and quantity for each item.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _update($items = array())
+	protected function _update($items = array())
 	{
 		// Without these array indexes there is nothing we can do
 		if ( ! isset($items['qty']) OR ! isset($items['rowid']) OR ! isset($this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]))
@@ -348,10 +341,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Save the cart array to the session DB
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _save_cart()
+	protected function _save_cart()
 	{
 		// Lets add up the individual prices and set the cart sub-total
 		$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] = $this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] = 0;
@@ -390,8 +382,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Cart Total
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function total()
 	{
@@ -405,8 +396,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Removes an item from the cart
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	boolean
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	 public function remove($rowid)
 	 {
@@ -423,8 +413,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the total item count
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function total_items()
 	{
@@ -438,7 +427,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the entire cart array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function contents($newest_first = FALSE)
@@ -461,7 +449,6 @@
 	 * Returns TRUE if the rowid passed to this function correlates to an item
 	 * that has options associated with it.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function has_options($rowid = '')
@@ -476,7 +463,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the an array of options, for a particular product row ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function product_options($rowid = '')
@@ -491,7 +478,7 @@
 	 *
 	 * Returns the supplied number with commas and a decimal point.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	float
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function format_number($n = '')
@@ -514,7 +501,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Empties the cart and kills the session
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function destroy()
@@ -523,9 +509,7 @@
 		$this->CI->session->unset_userdata('cart_contents');
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Cart Class
 
 /* End of file Cart.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cart.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cart.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
index 9a073b3..f409f47 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Driver Library Class
  *
@@ -84,8 +82,8 @@
 				// it's a valid driver, but the file simply can't be found
 				if ( ! class_exists($child_class))
 				{
-					log_message('error', "Unable to load the requested driver: ".$child_class);
-					show_error("Unable to load the requested driver: ".$child_class);
+					log_message('error', 'Unable to load the requested driver: '.$child_class);
+					show_error('Unable to load the requested driver: '.$child_class);
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -96,15 +94,11 @@
 		}
 
 		// The requested driver isn't valid!
-		log_message('error', "Invalid driver requested: ".$child_class);
-		show_error("Invalid driver requested: ".$child_class);
+		log_message('error', 'Invalid driver requested: '.$child_class);
+		show_error('Invalid driver requested: '.$child_class);
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// END CI_Driver_Library CLASS
-
 
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Driver Class
@@ -120,12 +114,12 @@
  */
 class CI_Driver {
 
-	protected $parent;
+	protected $_parent;
 
-	private $methods = array();
-	private $properties = array();
+	protected $_methods = array();
+	protected $_properties = array();
 
-	private static $reflections = array();
+	protected static $_reflections = array();
 
 	/**
 	 * Decorate
@@ -137,14 +131,14 @@
 	 */
 	public function decorate($parent)
 	{
-		$this->parent = $parent;
+		$this->_parent = $parent;
 
 		// Lock down attributes to what is defined in the class
 		// and speed up references in magic methods
 
 		$class_name = get_class($parent);
 
-		if ( ! isset(self::$reflections[$class_name]))
+		if ( ! isset(self::$_reflections[$class_name]))
 		{
 			$r = new ReflectionObject($parent);
 
@@ -152,7 +146,7 @@
 			{
 				if ($method->isPublic())
 				{
-					$this->methods[] = $method->getName();
+					$this->_methods[] = $method->getName();
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -160,15 +154,15 @@
 			{
 				if ($prop->isPublic())
 				{
-					$this->properties[] = $prop->getName();
+					$this->_properties[] = $prop->getName();
 				}
 			}
 
-			self::$reflections[$class_name] = array($this->methods, $this->properties);
+			self::$_reflections[$class_name] = array($this->_methods, $this->_properties);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			list($this->methods, $this->properties) = self::$reflections[$class_name];
+			list($this->_methods, $this->_properties) = self::$_reflections[$class_name];
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -179,16 +173,15 @@
 	 *
 	 * Handles access to the parent driver library's methods
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
 	public function __call($method, $args = array())
 	{
-		if (in_array($method, $this->methods))
+		if (in_array($method, $this->_methods))
 		{
-			return call_user_func_array(array($this->parent, $method), $args);
+			return call_user_func_array(array($this->_parent, $method), $args);
 		}
 
 		$trace = debug_backtrace();
@@ -208,9 +201,9 @@
 	 */
 	public function __get($var)
 	{
-		if (in_array($var, $this->properties))
+		if (in_array($var, $this->_properties))
 		{
-			return $this->parent->$var;
+			return $this->_parent->$var;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -227,16 +220,13 @@
 	 */
 	public function __set($var, $val)
 	{
-		if (in_array($var, $this->properties))
+		if (in_array($var, $this->_properties))
 		{
-			$this->parent->$var = $val;
+			$this->_parent->$var = $val;
 		}
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// END CI_Driver CLASS
 
 /* End of file Driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index f30fe40..8f383c9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 	public $crlf		= "\n";			// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
 									// even on the receiving end think they need to muck with CRLFs, so using "\n", while
 									// distasteful, is the only thing that seems to work for all environments.
+	public $dsn		= FALSE;		// Delivery Status Notification
 	public $send_multipart	= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE - Yahoo does not like multipart alternative, so this is an override.  Set to FALSE for Yahoo.
 	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE - Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
 	public $bcc_batch_size	= 200;		// If bcc_batch_mode = TRUE, sets max number of Bccs in each batch
@@ -1567,9 +1568,15 @@
 						$resp = 250;
 			break;
 			case 'to'	:
-
-						$this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'>');
-
+						
+						if ($this->dsn)
+						{
+							$this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'> NOTIFY=SUCCESS,DELAY,FAILURE ORCPT=rfc822;'.$data);
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							$this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'>');
+						}
 						$resp = 250;
 			break;
 			case 'data'	:
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
index 4d96c00..8aa1650 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * FTP Class
  *
@@ -42,16 +40,11 @@
 	public $username	= '';
 	public $password	= '';
 	public $port		= 21;
-	public $passive	= TRUE;
+	public $passive		= TRUE;
 	public $debug		= FALSE;
-	public $conn_id	= FALSE;
+	public $conn_id		= FALSE;
 
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor - Sets Preferences
-	 *
-	 * The constructor can be passed an array of config values
-	 */
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
 		if (count($config) > 0)
@@ -59,7 +52,7 @@
 			$this->initialize($config);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "FTP Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'FTP Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -67,7 +60,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Initialize preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -90,7 +82,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * FTP Connect
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array	 the connection values
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -133,10 +124,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * FTP Login
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _login()
+	protected function _login()
 	{
 		return @ftp_login($this->conn_id, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
@@ -146,10 +136,9 @@
 	/**
 	 * Validates the connection ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _is_conn()
+	protected function _is_conn()
 	{
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->conn_id))
 		{
@@ -164,17 +153,15 @@
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Change directory
 	 *
 	 * The second parameter lets us momentarily turn off debugging so that
 	 * this function can be used to test for the existence of a folder
-	 * without throwing an error.  There's no FTP equivalent to is_dir()
+	 * without throwing an error. There's no FTP equivalent to is_dir()
 	 * so we do it by trying to change to a particular directory.
 	 * Internally, this parameter is only used by the "mirror" function below.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -190,7 +177,7 @@
 
 		if ($result === FALSE)
 		{
-			if ($this->debug == TRUE AND $supress_debug == FALSE)
+			if ($this->debug == TRUE && $supress_debug == FALSE)
 			{
 				$this->_error('ftp_unable_to_changedir');
 			}
@@ -205,8 +192,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Create a directory
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function mkdir($path = '', $permissions = NULL)
@@ -230,7 +217,7 @@
 		// Set file permissions if needed
 		if ( ! is_null($permissions))
 		{
-			$this->chmod($path, (int)$permissions);
+			$this->chmod($path, (int) $permissions);
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -241,10 +228,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Upload a file to the server
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function upload($locpath, $rempath, $mode = 'auto', $permissions = NULL)
@@ -284,7 +271,7 @@
 		// Set file permissions if needed
 		if ( ! is_null($permissions))
 		{
-			$this->chmod($rempath, (int)$permissions);
+			$this->chmod($rempath, (int) $permissions);
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -295,7 +282,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Download a file from a remote server to the local server
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
@@ -337,7 +323,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rename (or move) a file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool
@@ -369,7 +354,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Move a file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -384,7 +368,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Rename (or move) a file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -415,7 +398,6 @@
 	 * Delete a folder and recursively delete everything (including sub-folders)
 	 * containted within it.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -427,11 +409,11 @@
 		}
 
 		// Add a trailing slash to the file path if needed
-		$filepath = preg_replace("/(.+?)\/*$/", "\\1/",  $filepath);
+		$filepath = preg_replace('/(.+?)\/*$/', '\\1/',  $filepath);
 
 		$list = $this->list_files($filepath);
 
-		if ($list !== FALSE AND count($list) > 0)
+		if ($list !== FALSE && count($list) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($list as $item)
 			{
@@ -463,7 +445,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set file permissions
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the file path
 	 * @param	string	the permissions
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -494,7 +475,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * FTP List files in the specified directory
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function list_files($path = '.')
@@ -512,11 +492,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Read a directory and recreate it remotely
 	 *
-	 * This function recursively reads a folder and everything it contains (including
-	 * sub-folders) and creates a mirror via FTP based on it.  Whatever the directory structure
-	 * of the original file path will be recreated on the server.
+	 * This function recursively reads a folder and everything it contains
+	 * (including sub-folders) and creates a mirror via FTP based on it.
+	 * Whatever the directory structure of the original file path will be
+	 * recreated on the server.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	path to source with trailing slash
 	 * @param	string	path to destination - include the base folder with trailing slash
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -532,7 +512,7 @@
 		if ($fp = @opendir($locpath))
 		{
 			// Attempt to open the remote file path and try to create it, if it doesn't exist
-			if ( ! $this->changedir($rempath, TRUE) AND ( ! $this->mkdir($rempath) OR ! $this->changedir($rempath)))
+			if ( ! $this->changedir($rempath, TRUE) && ( ! $this->mkdir($rempath) OR ! $this->changedir($rempath)))
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
@@ -542,9 +522,9 @@
 			{
 				if (@is_dir($locpath.$file) && $file[0] !== '.')
 				{
-					$this->mirror($locpath.$file."/", $rempath.$file."/");
+					$this->mirror($locpath.$file.'/', $rempath.$file.'/');
 				}
-				elseif ($file[0] !== ".")
+				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					// Get the file extension so we can se the upload type
 					$ext = $this->_getext($file);
@@ -565,11 +545,10 @@
 	/**
 	 * Extract the file extension
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _getext($filename)
+	protected function _getext($filename)
 	{
 		if (FALSE === strpos($filename, '.'))
 		{
@@ -580,36 +559,34 @@
 		return end($x);
 	}
 
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Set the upload type
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _settype($ext)
+	protected function _settype($ext)
 	{
 		$text_types = array(
-							'txt',
-							'text',
-							'php',
-							'phps',
-							'php4',
-							'js',
-							'css',
-							'htm',
-							'html',
-							'phtml',
-							'shtml',
-							'log',
-							'xml'
-							);
+					'txt',
+					'text',
+					'php',
+					'phps',
+					'php4',
+					'js',
+					'css',
+					'htm',
+					'html',
+					'phtml',
+					'shtml',
+					'log',
+					'xml'
+				);
 
 
-		return (in_array($ext, $text_types)) ? 'ascii' : 'binary';
+		return in_array($ext, $text_types) ? 'ascii' : 'binary';
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -617,7 +594,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Close the connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function close()
@@ -635,20 +611,17 @@
 	/**
 	 * Display error message
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _error($line)
+	protected function _error($line)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('ftp');
 		show_error($CI->lang->line($line));
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END FTP Class
 
 /* End of file Ftp.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Ftp.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Ftp.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
index c045ac0..a18fcb9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Migration Class
  *
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// If not set, set it
-		$this->_migration_path == '' AND $this->_migration_path = APPPATH.'migrations/';
+		$this->_migration_path != '' OR $this->_migration_path = APPPATH.'migrations/';
 
 		// Add trailing slash if not set
 		$this->_migration_path = rtrim($this->_migration_path, '/').'/';
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Do we auto migrate to the latest migration?
-		if ($this->_migration_auto_latest === TRUE AND ! $this->latest())
+		if ($this->_migration_auto_latest === TRUE && ! $this->latest())
 		{
 			show_error($this->error_string());
 		}
@@ -115,8 +113,7 @@
 	 * Calls each migration step required to get to the schema version of
 	 * choice
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param $version integer	Target schema version
+	 * @param	int	Target schema version
 	 * @return	mixed	TRUE if already latest, FALSE if failed, int if upgraded
 	 */
 	public function version($target_version)
@@ -241,7 +238,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set's the schema to the latest migration
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	mixed	true if already latest, false if failed, int if upgraded
 	 */
 	public function latest()
@@ -264,7 +260,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set's the schema to the migration version set in config
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	mixed	true if already current, false if failed, int if upgraded
 	 */
 	public function current()
@@ -277,7 +272,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Error string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string	Error message returned as a string
 	 */
 	public function error_string()
@@ -290,7 +284,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set's the schema to the latest migration
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	mixed	true if already latest, false if failed, int if upgraded
 	 */
 	protected function find_migrations()
@@ -317,8 +310,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Retrieves current schema version
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @return	integer	Current Migration
+	 * @return	int	Current Migration
 	 */
 	protected function _get_version()
 	{
@@ -331,9 +323,8 @@
 	/**
 	 * Stores the current schema version
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @param $migrations integer	Migration reached
-	 * @return	void					Outputs a report of the migration
+	 * @param	int	Migration reached
+	 * @return	void	Outputs a report of the migration
 	 */
 	protected function _update_version($migrations)
 	{
@@ -347,8 +338,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * Enable the use of CI super-global
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param $var
+	 * @param	$var
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
 	public function __get($var)
@@ -358,4 +348,4 @@
 }
 
 /* End of file Migration.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Migration.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Migration.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index 86b8d79..0fe73d6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Pagination Class
  *
@@ -74,13 +72,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array	initialization parameters
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
 		$this->initialize($params);
-		log_message('debug', "Pagination Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Pagination Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -88,7 +85,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array	initialization parameters
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -116,7 +112,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Generate the pagination links
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function create_links()
@@ -155,13 +150,13 @@
 				$this->cur_page = (int) $CI->input->get($this->query_string_segment);
 			}
 		}
-		elseif ( ! $this->cur_page AND $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment) != $base_page)
+		elseif ( ! $this->cur_page && $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment) != $base_page)
 		{
 			$this->cur_page = (int) $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment);
 		}
 
 		// Set current page to 1 if it's not valid or if using page numbers instead of offset
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->cur_page) OR ($this->use_page_numbers AND $this->cur_page == 0))
+		if ( ! is_numeric($this->cur_page) OR ($this->use_page_numbers && $this->cur_page == 0))
 		{
 			$this->cur_page = $base_page;
 		}
@@ -182,12 +177,9 @@
 				$this->cur_page = $num_pages;
 			}
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ($this->cur_page > $this->total_rows)
 		{
-			if ($this->cur_page > $this->total_rows)
-			{
-				$this->cur_page = ($num_pages - 1) * $this->per_page;
-			}
+			$this->cur_page = ($num_pages - 1) * $this->per_page;
 		}
 
 		$uri_page_number = $this->cur_page;
@@ -199,10 +191,10 @@
 
 		// Calculate the start and end numbers. These determine
 		// which number to start and end the digit links with
-		$start = (($this->cur_page - $this->num_links) > 0) ? $this->cur_page - ($this->num_links - 1) : 1;
-		$end   = (($this->cur_page + $this->num_links) < $num_pages) ? $this->cur_page + $this->num_links : $num_pages;
+		$start	= (($this->cur_page - $this->num_links) > 0) ? $this->cur_page - ($this->num_links - 1) : 1;
+		$end	= (($this->cur_page + $this->num_links) < $num_pages) ? $this->cur_page + $this->num_links : $num_pages;
 
-		// Is pagination being used over GET or POST?  If get, add a per_page query
+		// Is pagination being used over GET or POST? If get, add a per_page query
 		// string. If post, add a trailing slash to the base URL if needed
 		if ($CI->config->item('enable_query_strings') === TRUE OR $this->page_query_string === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -217,18 +209,18 @@
 		$output = '';
 
 		// Render the "First" link
-		if  ($this->first_link !== FALSE AND $this->cur_page > ($this->num_links + 1))
+		if ($this->first_link !== FALSE && $this->cur_page > ($this->num_links + 1))
 		{
 			$first_url = ($this->first_url == '') ? $this->base_url : $this->first_url;
 			$output .= $this->first_tag_open.'<a '.$this->anchor_class.'href="'.$first_url.'">'.$this->first_link.'</a>'.$this->first_tag_close;
 		}
 
 		// Render the "previous" link
-		if  ($this->prev_link !== FALSE AND $this->cur_page != 1)
+		if  ($this->prev_link !== FALSE && $this->cur_page != 1)
 		{
 			$i = ($this->use_page_numbers) ? $uri_page_number - 1 : $uri_page_number - $this->per_page;
 
-			if ($i == $base_page AND $this->first_url != '')
+			if ($i == $base_page && $this->first_url != '')
 			{
 				$output .= $this->prev_tag_open.'<a '.$this->anchor_class.'href="'.$this->first_url.'">'.$this->prev_link.'</a>'.$this->prev_tag_close;
 			}
@@ -274,7 +266,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Render the "next" link
-		if ($this->next_link !== FALSE AND $this->cur_page < $num_pages)
+		if ($this->next_link !== FALSE && $this->cur_page < $num_pages)
 		{
 			$i = ($this->use_page_numbers) ? $this->cur_page + 1 : $this->cur_page * $this->per_page;
 
@@ -282,7 +274,7 @@
 		}
 
 		// Render the "Last" link
-		if ($this->last_link !== FALSE AND ($this->cur_page + $this->num_links) < $num_pages)
+		if ($this->last_link !== FALSE && ($this->cur_page + $this->num_links) < $num_pages)
 		{
 			$i = ($this->use_page_numbers) ? $num_pages : ($num_pages * $this->per_page) - $this->per_page;
 
@@ -291,15 +283,13 @@
 
 		// Kill double slashes. Note: Sometimes we can end up with a double slash
 		// in the penultimate link so we'll kill all double slashes.
-		$output = preg_replace("#([^:])//+#", "\\1/", $output);
+		$output = preg_replace('#([^:])//+#', '\\1/', $output);
 
 		// Add the wrapper HTML if exists
-		$output = $this->full_tag_open.$output.$this->full_tag_close;
-
-		return $output;
+		return $this->full_tag_open.$output.$this->full_tag_close;
 	}
+
 }
-// END Pagination Class
 
 /* End of file Pagination.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Pagination.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Pagination.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
index 290e17f..d1b5b76 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Parser Class
  *
@@ -41,15 +39,14 @@
 	public $l_delim = '{';
 	public $r_delim = '}';
 	public $object;
-	private $CI;
+	protected $CI;
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse a template
+	 * Parse a template
 	 *
 	 * Parses pseudo-variables contained in the specified template view,
 	 * replacing them with the data in the second param
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	bool
@@ -66,12 +63,11 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse a String
+	 * Parse a String
 	 *
 	 * Parses pseudo-variables contained in the specified string,
 	 * replacing them with the data in the second param
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	bool
@@ -85,18 +81,17 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse a template
+	 * Parse a template
 	 *
 	 * Parses pseudo-variables contained in the specified template,
 	 * replacing them with the data in the second param
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _parse($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
+	protected function _parse($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($template == '')
 		{
@@ -126,9 +121,8 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Set the left/right variable delimiters
+	 * Set the left/right variable delimiters
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -142,15 +136,14 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse a single key/value
+	 * Parse a single key/value
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _parse_single($key, $val, $string)
+	protected function _parse_single($key, $val, $string)
 	{
 		return str_replace($this->l_delim.$key.$this->r_delim, (string) $val, $string);
 	}
@@ -158,17 +151,16 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Parse a tag pair
+	 * Parse a tag pair
 	 *
-	 * Parses tag pairs:  {some_tag} string... {/some_tag}
+	 * Parses tag pairs: {some_tag} string... {/some_tag}
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _parse_pair($variable, $data, $string)
+	protected function _parse_pair($variable, $data, $string)
 	{
 		if (FALSE === ($match = $this->_match_pair($string, $variable)))
 		{
@@ -200,25 +192,20 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *  Matches a variable pair
+	 * Matches a variable pair
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	private function _match_pair($string, $variable)
+	protected function _match_pair($string, $variable)
 	{
-		if ( ! preg_match("|" . preg_quote($this->l_delim) . $variable . preg_quote($this->r_delim) . "(.+?)". preg_quote($this->l_delim) . '/' . $variable . preg_quote($this->r_delim) . "|s", $string, $match))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		return $match;
+		return preg_match('|'.preg_quote($this->l_delim).$variable.preg_quote($this->r_delim).'(.+?)'.preg_quote($this->l_delim).'/'.$variable.preg_quote($this->r_delim).'|s',
+					$string, $match)
+			? $match : FALSE;
 	}
 
 }
-// END Parser Class
 
 /* End of file Parser.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Parser.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Parser.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
index 65e30b0..21bbad0 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Typography Class
  *
- *
- * @access		protected
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/typography.html
@@ -67,7 +65,6 @@
 	 *	- Converts double dashes into em-dashes.
 	 *  - Converts two spaces into entities
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether to reduce more then two consecutive newlines to two
 	 * @return	string
@@ -94,15 +91,12 @@
 
 		// HTML comment tags don't conform to patterns of normal tags, so pull them out separately, only if needed
 		$html_comments = array();
-		if (strpos($str, '<!--') !== FALSE)
+		if (strpos($str, '<!--') !== FALSE && preg_match_all('#(<!\-\-.*?\-\->)#s', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			if (preg_match_all("#(<!\-\-.*?\-\->)#s", $str, $matches))
+			for ($i = 0, $total = count($matches[0]); $i < $total; $i++)
 			{
-				for ($i = 0, $total = count($matches[0]); $i < $total; $i++)
-				{
-					$html_comments[] = $matches[0][$i];
-					$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], '{@HC'.$i.'}', $str);
-				}
+				$html_comments[] = $matches[0][$i];
+				$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], '{@HC'.$i.'}', $str);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -110,22 +104,22 @@
 		// not contain <pre> tags, and it keeps the PCRE patterns below simpler and faster
 		if (strpos($str, '<pre') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace_callback("#<pre.*?>.*?</pre>#si", array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
+			$str = preg_replace_callback('#<pre.*?>.*?</pre>#si', array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
 		}
 
 		// Convert quotes within tags to temporary markers.
-		$str = preg_replace_callback("#<.+?>#si", array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
+		$str = preg_replace_callback('#<.+?>#si', array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
 
 		// Do the same with braces if necessary
 		if ($this->protect_braced_quotes === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace_callback("#\{.+?\}#si", array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
+			$str = preg_replace_callback('#\{.+?\}#si', array($this, '_protect_characters'), $str);
 		}
 
 		// Convert "ignore" tags to temporary marker.  The parser splits out the string at every tag
 		// it encounters.  Certain inline tags, like image tags, links, span tags, etc. will be
 		// adversely affected if they are split out so we'll convert the opening bracket < temporarily to: {@TAG}
-		$str = preg_replace("#<(/*)(".$this->inline_elements.")([ >])#i", "{@TAG}\\1\\2\\3", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('#<(/*)('.$this->inline_elements.')([ >])#i', '{@TAG}\\1\\2\\3', $str);
 
 		/* Split the string at every tag. This expression creates an array with this prototype:
 		 *
@@ -148,9 +142,9 @@
 		{
 			// Are we dealing with a tag? If so, we'll skip the processing for this cycle.
 			// Well also set the "process" flag which allows us to skip <pre> tags and a few other things.
-			if (preg_match("#<(/*)(".$this->block_elements.").*?>#", $chunks[$i], $match))
+			if (preg_match('#<(/*)('.$this->block_elements.').*?>#', $chunks[$i], $match))
 			{
-				if (preg_match("#".$this->skip_elements."#", $match[2]))
+				if (preg_match('#'.$this->skip_elements.'#', $match[2]))
 				{
 					$process = ($match[1] === '/');
 				}
@@ -180,10 +174,10 @@
 			$str .= $this->_format_newlines($chunks[$i]);
 		}
 
-		// No opening block level tag?  Add it if needed.
-		if ( ! preg_match("/^\s*<(?:".$this->block_elements.")/i", $str))
+		// No opening block level tag? Add it if needed.
+		if ( ! preg_match('/^\s*<(?:'.$this->block_elements.')/i', $str))
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("/^(.*?)<(".$this->block_elements.")/i", '<p>$1</p><$2', $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/^(.*?)<('.$this->block_elements.')/i', '<p>$1</p><$2', $str);
 		}
 
 		// Convert quotes, elipsis, em-dashes, non-breaking spaces, and ampersands
@@ -230,7 +224,7 @@
 
 						// Similarly, there might be cases where a closing </block> will follow
 						// a closing </p> tag, so we'll correct it by adding a newline in between
-						"#</p></#"			=> "</p>\n</"
+						'#</p></#'			=> "</p>\n</"
 						);
 
 		// Do we need to reduce empty lines?
@@ -258,7 +252,6 @@
 	 * to curly entities, but it also converts em-dashes,
 	 * double spaces, and ampersands
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -322,13 +315,12 @@
 	 *
 	 * Converts newline characters into either <p> tags or <br />
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _format_newlines($str)
 	{
-		if ($str == '' OR (strpos($str, "\n") === FALSE AND ! in_array($this->last_block_element, $this->inner_block_required)))
+		if ($str == '' OR (strpos($str, "\n") === FALSE && ! in_array($this->last_block_element, $this->inner_block_required)))
 		{
 			return $str;
 		}
@@ -337,7 +329,7 @@
 		$str = str_replace("\n\n", "</p>\n\n<p>", $str);
 
 		// Convert single spaces to <br /> tags
-		$str = preg_replace("/([^\n])(\n)([^\n])/", "\\1<br />\\2\\3", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace("/([^\n])(\n)([^\n])/", '\\1<br />\\2\\3', $str);
 
 		// Wrap the whole enchilada in enclosing paragraphs
 		if ($str != "\n")
@@ -350,9 +342,7 @@
 
 		// Remove empty paragraphs if they are on the first line, as this
 		// is a potential unintended consequence of the previous code
-		$str = preg_replace("/<p><\/p>(.*)/", "\\1", $str, 1);
-
-		return $str;
+		return preg_replace('/<p><\/p>(.*)/', '\\1', $str, 1);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -365,7 +355,6 @@
 	 * and we don't want double dashes converted to emdash entities, so they are marked with {@DD}
 	 * likewise double spaces are converted to {@NBS} to prevent entity conversion
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -379,7 +368,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Convert newlines to HTML line breaks except within PRE tags
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -399,7 +387,6 @@
 	}
 
 }
-// END Typography Class
 
 /* End of file Typography.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Typography.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Typography.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 42664a5..8ad6705 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * File Uploading Class
  *
@@ -38,39 +36,40 @@
  */
 class CI_Upload {
 
-	public $max_size				= 0;
-	public $max_width				= 0;
-	public $max_height				= 0;
-	public $max_filename			= 0;
+	public $max_size		= 0;
+	public $max_width		= 0;
+	public $max_height		= 0;
+	public $max_filename		= 0;
 	public $max_filename_increment 	= 100;
-	public $allowed_types			= "";
-	public $file_temp				= "";
-	public $file_name				= "";
-	public $orig_name				= "";
-	public $file_type				= "";
-	public $file_size				= "";
-	public $file_ext				= "";
-	public $upload_path				= "";
-	public $overwrite				= FALSE;
-	public $encrypt_name			= FALSE;
-	public $is_image				= FALSE;
-	public $image_width				= '';
-	public $image_height			= '';
-	public $image_type				= '';
-	public $image_size_str			= '';
-	public $error_msg				= array();
-	public $mimes					= array();
-	public $remove_spaces			= TRUE;
-	public $xss_clean				= FALSE;
-	public $temp_prefix				= "temp_file_";
-	public $client_name				= '';
+	public $allowed_types		= '';
+	public $file_temp		= '';
+	public $file_name		= '';
+	public $orig_name		= '';
+	public $file_type		= '';
+	public $file_size		= '';
+	public $file_ext		= '';
+	public $upload_path		= '';
+	public $overwrite		= FALSE;
+	public $encrypt_name		= FALSE;
+	public $is_image		= FALSE;
+	public $image_width		= '';
+	public $image_height		= '';
+	public $image_type		= '';
+	public $image_size_str		= '';
+	public $error_msg		= array();
+	public $mimes			= array();
+	public $remove_spaces		= TRUE;
+	public $xss_clean		= FALSE;
+	public $temp_prefix		= 'temp_file_';
+	public $client_name		= '';
 
 	protected $_file_name_override	= '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($props = array())
 	{
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@
 			$this->initialize($props);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Upload Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Upload Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -93,33 +92,33 @@
 	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		$defaults = array(
-							'max_size'					=> 0,
-							'max_width'					=> 0,
-							'max_height'				=> 0,
-							'max_filename'				=> 0,
-							'max_filename_increment'	=> 100,
-							'allowed_types'				=> "",
-							'file_temp'					=> "",
-							'file_name'					=> "",
-							'orig_name'					=> "",
-							'file_type'					=> "",
-							'file_size'					=> "",
-							'file_ext'					=> "",
-							'upload_path'				=> "",
-							'overwrite'					=> FALSE,
-							'encrypt_name'				=> FALSE,
-							'is_image'					=> FALSE,
-							'image_width'				=> '',
-							'image_height'				=> '',
-							'image_type'				=> '',
-							'image_size_str'			=> '',
-							'error_msg'					=> array(),
-							'mimes'						=> array(),
-							'remove_spaces'				=> TRUE,
-							'xss_clean'					=> FALSE,
-							'temp_prefix'				=> "temp_file_",
-							'client_name'				=> ''
-						);
+					'max_size'			=> 0,
+					'max_width'			=> 0,
+					'max_height'			=> 0,
+					'max_filename'			=> 0,
+					'max_filename_increment'	=> 100,
+					'allowed_types'			=> '',
+					'file_temp'			=> '',
+					'file_name'			=> '',
+					'orig_name'			=> '',
+					'file_type'			=> '',
+					'file_size'			=> '',
+					'file_ext'			=> '',
+					'upload_path'			=> '',
+					'overwrite'			=> FALSE,
+					'encrypt_name'			=> FALSE,
+					'is_image'			=> FALSE,
+					'image_width'			=> '',
+					'image_height'			=> '',
+					'image_type'			=> '',
+					'image_size_str'		=> '',
+					'error_msg'			=> array(),
+					'mimes'				=> array(),
+					'remove_spaces'			=> TRUE,
+					'xss_clean'			=> FALSE,
+					'temp_prefix'			=> 'temp_file_',
+					'client_name'			=> ''
+				);
 
 
 		foreach ($defaults as $key => $val)
@@ -156,8 +155,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function do_upload($field = 'userfile')
 	{
-
-	// Is $_FILES[$field] set? If not, no reason to continue.
+		// Is $_FILES[$field] set? If not, no reason to continue.
 		if ( ! isset($_FILES[$field]))
 		{
 			$this->set_error('upload_no_file_selected');
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@
 		{
 			$error = ( ! isset($_FILES[$field]['error'])) ? 4 : $_FILES[$field]['error'];
 
-			switch($error)
+			switch ($error)
 			{
 				case 1:	// UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE
 					$this->set_error('upload_file_exceeds_limit');
@@ -199,19 +197,19 @@
 				case 8: // UPLOAD_ERR_EXTENSION
 					$this->set_error('upload_stopped_by_extension');
 					break;
-				default :   $this->set_error('upload_no_file_selected');
+				default:
+					$this->set_error('upload_no_file_selected');
 					break;
 			}
 
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-
 		// Set the uploaded data as class variables
 		$this->file_temp = $_FILES[$field]['tmp_name'];
 		$this->file_size = $_FILES[$field]['size'];
 		$this->_file_mime_type($_FILES[$field]);
-		$this->file_type = preg_replace("/^(.+?);.*$/", "\\1", $this->file_type);
+		$this->file_type = preg_replace('/^(.+?);.*$/', '\\1', $this->file_type);
 		$this->file_type = strtolower(trim(stripslashes($this->file_type), '"'));
 		$this->file_name = $this->_prep_filename($_FILES[$field]['name']);
 		$this->file_ext	 = $this->get_extension($this->file_name);
@@ -234,11 +232,10 @@
 			{
 				$this->file_name .= $this->file_ext;
 			}
-
-			// An extension was provided, lets have it!
 			else
 			{
-				$this->file_ext	 = $this->get_extension($this->_file_name_override);
+				// An extension was provided, lets have it!
+				$this->file_ext	= $this->get_extension($this->_file_name_override);
 			}
 
 			if ( ! $this->is_allowed_filetype(TRUE))
@@ -281,7 +278,7 @@
 		// Remove white spaces in the name
 		if ($this->remove_spaces == TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->file_name = preg_replace("/\s+/", "_", $this->file_name);
+			$this->file_name = preg_replace('/\s+/', '_', $this->file_name);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -305,23 +302,20 @@
 		/*
 		 * Run the file through the XSS hacking filter
 		 * This helps prevent malicious code from being
-		 * embedded within a file.  Scripts can easily
+		 * embedded within a file. Scripts can easily
 		 * be disguised as images or other file types.
 		 */
-		if ($this->xss_clean)
+		if ($this->xss_clean && $this->do_xss_clean() === FALSE)
 		{
-			if ($this->do_xss_clean() === FALSE)
-			{
-				$this->set_error('upload_unable_to_write_file');
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			$this->set_error('upload_unable_to_write_file');
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Move the file to the final destination
 		 * To deal with different server configurations
-		 * we'll attempt to use copy() first.  If that fails
-		 * we'll use move_uploaded_file().  One of the two should
+		 * we'll attempt to use copy() first. If that fails
+		 * we'll use move_uploaded_file(). One of the two should
 		 * reliably work in most environments
 		 */
 		if ( ! @copy($this->file_temp, $this->upload_path.$this->file_name))
@@ -336,7 +330,7 @@
 		/*
 		 * Set the finalized image dimensions
 		 * This sets the image width/height (assuming the
-		 * file was an image).  We use this information
+		 * file was an image). We use this information
 		 * in the "data" function.
 		 */
 		$this->set_image_properties($this->upload_path.$this->file_name);
@@ -356,22 +350,22 @@
 	 */
 	public function data()
 	{
-		return array (
-						'file_name'			=> $this->file_name,
-						'file_type'			=> $this->file_type,
-						'file_path'			=> $this->upload_path,
-						'full_path'			=> $this->upload_path.$this->file_name,
-						'raw_name'			=> str_replace($this->file_ext, '', $this->file_name),
-						'orig_name'			=> $this->orig_name,
-						'client_name'		=> $this->client_name,
-						'file_ext'			=> $this->file_ext,
-						'file_size'			=> $this->file_size,
-						'is_image'			=> $this->is_image(),
-						'image_width'		=> $this->image_width,
-						'image_height'		=> $this->image_height,
-						'image_type'		=> $this->image_type,
-						'image_size_str'	=> $this->image_size_str,
-					);
+		return array(
+				'file_name'		=> $this->file_name,
+				'file_type'		=> $this->file_type,
+				'file_path'		=> $this->upload_path,
+				'full_path'		=> $this->upload_path.$this->file_name,
+				'raw_name'		=> str_replace($this->file_ext, '', $this->file_name),
+				'orig_name'		=> $this->orig_name,
+				'client_name'		=> $this->client_name,
+				'file_ext'		=> $this->file_ext,
+				'file_size'		=> $this->file_size,
+				'is_image'		=> $this->is_image(),
+				'image_width'		=> $this->image_width,
+				'image_height'		=> $this->image_height,
+				'image_type'		=> $this->image_type,
+				'image_size_str'	=> $this->image_size_str,
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -442,12 +436,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set Maximum File Size
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_max_filesize($n)
 	{
-		$this->max_size = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0: (int) $n;
+		$this->max_size = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0 : (int) $n;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -455,12 +449,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set Maximum File Name Length
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_max_filename($n)
 	{
-		$this->max_filename = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0: (int) $n;
+		$this->max_filename = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0 : (int) $n;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -468,12 +462,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set Maximum Image Width
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_max_width($n)
 	{
-		$this->max_width = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0: (int) $n;
+		$this->max_width = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0 : (int) $n;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -481,12 +475,12 @@
 	/**
 	 * Set Maximum Image Height
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_max_height($n)
 	{
-		$this->max_height = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0: (int) $n;
+		$this->max_height = ((int) $n < 0) ? 0 : (int) $n;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -499,7 +493,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function set_allowed_types($types)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_array($types) && $types == '*')
+		if ( ! is_array($types) && $types === '*')
 		{
 			$this->allowed_types = '*';
 			return;
@@ -530,10 +524,10 @@
 			{
 				$types = array(1 => 'gif', 2 => 'jpeg', 3 => 'png');
 
-				$this->image_width		= $D['0'];
-				$this->image_height		= $D['1'];
-				$this->image_type		= ( ! isset($types[$D['2']])) ? 'unknown' : $types[$D['2']];
-				$this->image_size_str	= $D['3'];  // string containing height and width
+				$this->image_width	= $D[0];
+				$this->image_height	= $D[1];
+				$this->image_type	= isset($types[$D[2]]) ? $types[$D[2]] : 'unknown';
+				$this->image_size_str	= $D[3]; // string containing height and width
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -551,7 +545,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function set_xss_clean($flag = FALSE)
 	{
-		$this->xss_clean = ($flag == TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->xss_clean = ($flag == TRUE);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -573,19 +567,14 @@
 		{
 			$this->file_type = 'image/png';
 		}
-
-		if (in_array($this->file_type, $jpeg_mimes))
+		elseif (in_array($this->file_type, $jpeg_mimes))
 		{
 			$this->file_type = 'image/jpeg';
 		}
 
-		$img_mimes = array(
-							'image/gif',
-							'image/jpeg',
-							'image/png',
-						);
+		$img_mimes = array('image/gif',	'image/jpeg', 'image/png');
 
-		return (in_array($this->file_type, $img_mimes, TRUE)) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		return in_array($this->file_type, $img_mimes, TRUE);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -631,16 +620,13 @@
 
 		$mime = $this->mimes_types($ext);
 
-		if (is_array($mime))
+		if (is_array($mime) && in_array($this->file_type, $mime, TRUE))
 		{
-			if (in_array($this->file_type, $mime, TRUE))
-			{
-				return TRUE;
-			}
+			return TRUE;
 		}
 		elseif ($mime === $this->file_type)
 		{
-				return TRUE;
+			return TRUE;
 		}
 
 		return FALSE;
@@ -655,14 +641,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function is_allowed_filesize()
 	{
-		if ($this->max_size != 0  AND  $this->file_size > $this->max_size)
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
+		return ($this->max_size == 0 OR $this->max_size > $this->file_size);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -683,17 +662,15 @@
 		{
 			$D = @getimagesize($this->file_temp);
 
-			if ($this->max_width > 0 AND $D['0'] > $this->max_width)
+			if ($this->max_width > 0 && $D[0] > $this->max_width)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
 
-			if ($this->max_height > 0 AND $D['1'] > $this->max_height)
+			if ($this->max_height > 0 && $D[1] > $this->max_height)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
-
-			return TRUE;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -706,7 +683,6 @@
 	 *
 	 * Verifies that it is a valid upload path with proper permissions.
 	 *
-	 *
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function validate_upload_path()
@@ -717,9 +693,9 @@
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($this->upload_path) !== FALSE)
+		if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($this->upload_path) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$this->upload_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->upload_path));
+			$this->upload_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->upload_path));
 		}
 
 		if ( ! @is_dir($this->upload_path))
@@ -734,7 +710,7 @@
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$this->upload_path = preg_replace("/(.+?)\/*$/", "\\1/",  $this->upload_path);
+		$this->upload_path = preg_replace('/(.+?)\/*$/', '\\1/',  $this->upload_path);
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -763,37 +739,31 @@
 	public function clean_file_name($filename)
 	{
 		$bad = array(
-						"<!--",
-						"-->",
-						"'",
-						"<",
-						">",
-						'"',
-						'&',
-						'$',
-						'=',
-						';',
-						'?',
-						'/',
-						"%20",
-						"%22",
-						"%3c",		// <
-						"%253c",	// <
-						"%3e",		// >
-						"%0e",		// >
-						"%28",		// (
-						"%29",		// )
-						"%2528",	// (
-						"%26",		// &
-						"%24",		// $
-						"%3f",		// ?
-						"%3b",		// ;
-						"%3d"		// =
-					);
+				'<!--', '-->',
+				"'", '"',
+				'<', '>',
+				'&', '$',
+				'=',
+				';',
+				'?',
+				'/',
+				'%20',
+				'%22',
+				'%3c',		// <
+				'%253c',	// <
+				'%3e',		// >
+				'%0e',		// >
+				'%28',		// (
+				'%29',		// )
+				'%2528',	// (
+				'%26',		// &
+				'%24',		// $
+				'%3f',		// ?
+				'%3b',		// ;
+				'%3d'		// =
+			);
 
-		$filename = str_replace($bad, '', $filename);
-
-		return stripslashes($filename);
+		return stripslashes(str_replace($bad, '', $filename));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -847,7 +817,7 @@
 			$current = ini_get('memory_limit') * 1024 * 1024;
 
 			// There was a bug/behavioural change in PHP 5.2, where numbers over one million get output
-			// into scientific notation.  number_format() ensures this number is an integer
+			// into scientific notation. number_format() ensures this number is an integer
 			// http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=43053
 
 			$new_memory = number_format(ceil(filesize($file) + $current), 0, '.', '');
@@ -857,8 +827,8 @@
 
 		// If the file being uploaded is an image, then we should have no problem with XSS attacks (in theory), but
 		// IE can be fooled into mime-type detecting a malformed image as an html file, thus executing an XSS attack on anyone
-		// using IE who looks at the image.  It does this by inspecting the first 255 bytes of an image.  To get around this
-		// CI will itself look at the first 255 bytes of an image to determine its relative safety.  This can save a lot of
+		// using IE who looks at the image. It does this by inspecting the first 255 bytes of an image. To get around this
+		// CI will itself look at the first 255 bytes of an image to determine its relative safety. This can save a lot of
 		// processor power and time if it is actually a clean image, as it will be in nearly all instances _except_ an
 		// attempted XSS attack.
 
@@ -932,7 +902,7 @@
 	 */
 	public function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
 	{
-		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open . implode($close . $open, $this->error_msg) . $close : '';
+		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open.implode($close.$open, $this->error_msg).$close : '';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -940,7 +910,7 @@
 	/**
 	 * List of Mime Types
 	 *
-	 * This is a list of mime types.  We use it to validate
+	 * This is a list of mime types. We use it to validate
 	 * the "allowed types" set by the developer
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
@@ -952,7 +922,7 @@
 
 		if (count($this->mimes) == 0)
 		{
-			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
 			{
 				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
 			}
@@ -966,10 +936,9 @@
 			}
 
 			$this->mimes = $mimes;
-			unset($mimes);
 		}
 
-		return ( ! isset($this->mimes[$mime])) ? FALSE : $this->mimes[$mime];
+		return isset($this->mimes[$mime]) ? $this->mimes[$mime] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1006,9 +975,7 @@
 			}
 		}
 
-		$filename .= '.'.$ext;
-
-		return $filename;
+		return $filename.'.'.$ext;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1129,10 +1096,7 @@
 		$this->file_type = $file['type'];
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// END Upload Class
 
 /* End of file Upload.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Upload.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Upload.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
index fc41444..6d270c2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -54,10 +54,7 @@
 	public $controller_obj;
 	public $object		= FALSE;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
-	public function __construct($config=array())
+	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
 		parent::__construct();
 		$this->set_system_methods();
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@
 			$this->methods = array_merge($this->methods, $config['functions']);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "XML-RPC Server Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'XML-RPC Server Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -75,7 +72,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Prefs and Serve
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -107,7 +103,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Setting of System Methods
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_system_methods()
@@ -137,7 +132,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Main Server Function
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function serve()
@@ -145,8 +139,8 @@
 		$r = $this->parseRequest();
 		$payload = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="'.$this->xmlrpc_defencoding.'"?'.'>'."\n".$this->debug_msg.$r->prepare_response();
 
-		header("Content-Type: text/xml");
-		header("Content-Length: ".strlen($payload));
+		header('Content-Type: text/xml');
+		header('Content-Length: '.strlen($payload));
 		exit($payload);
 	}
 
@@ -155,7 +149,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Add Method to Class
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	method name
 	 * @param	string	function
 	 * @param	string	signature
@@ -176,7 +169,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Parse Server Request
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	data
 	 * @return	object	xmlrpc response
 	 */
@@ -198,7 +190,7 @@
 		//-------------------------------------
 
 		$parser = xml_parser_create($this->xmlrpc_defencoding);
-		$parser_object = new XML_RPC_Message("filler");
+		$parser_object = new XML_RPC_Message('filler');
 
 		$parser_object->xh[$parser] = array(
 							'isf' =>	0,
@@ -215,7 +207,6 @@
 		xml_set_character_data_handler($parser, 'character_data');
 		//xml_set_default_handler($parser, 'default_handler');
 
-
 		//-------------------------------------
 		//  PARSE + PROCESS XML DATA
 		//-------------------------------------
@@ -245,7 +236,7 @@
 			{
 				if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 				{
-					$plist .= "$i - " .  print_r(get_object_vars($parser_object->xh[$parser]['params'][$i]), TRUE). ";\n";
+					$plist .= $i.' - '.print_r(get_object_vars($parser_object->xh[$parser]['params'][$i]), TRUE).";\n";
 				}
 
 				$m->addParam($parser_object->xh[$parser]['params'][$i]);
@@ -276,7 +267,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Executes the Method
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
@@ -305,7 +295,7 @@
 		//  Check for Method (and Object)
 		//-------------------------------------
 
-		$method_parts = explode(".", $this->methods[$methName]['function']);
+		$method_parts = explode('.', $this->methods[$methName]['function']);
 		$objectCall = (isset($method_parts[1]) && $method_parts[1] != '');
 
 		if ($system_call === TRUE)
@@ -315,14 +305,11 @@
 				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
 			}
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (($objectCall && ! is_callable(array($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1])))
+			OR ( ! $objectCall && ! is_callable($this->methods[$methName]['function']))
+		)
 		{
-			if (($objectCall AND ! is_callable(array($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1])))
-				OR ( ! $objectCall AND ! is_callable($this->methods[$methName]['function']))
-			)
-			{
-				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
-			}
+			return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
 		}
 
 		//-------------------------------------
@@ -351,7 +338,7 @@
 							return new XML_RPC_Response(0,
 								$this->xmlrpcerr['incorrect_params'],
 								$this->xmlrpcstr['incorrect_params'] .
-								": Wanted {$wanted}, got {$pt} at param {$pno})");
+								': Wanted '.$wanted.', got '.$pt.' at param '.$pno.')');
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -393,7 +380,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Server Function:  List Methods
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -409,7 +395,7 @@
 
 		foreach ($this->system_methods as $key => $value)
 		{
-			$output[]= new XML_RPC_Values($key, 'string');
+			$output[] = new XML_RPC_Values($key, 'string');
 		}
 
 		$v->addArray($output);
@@ -421,7 +407,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Server Function:  Return Signature for Method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -447,18 +432,14 @@
 					}
 					$sigs[] = new XML_RPC_Values($cursig, 'array');
 				}
-				$r = new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values($sigs, 'array'));
+
+				return new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values($sigs, 'array'));
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$r = new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values('undef', 'string'));
-			}
+
+			return new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values('undef', 'string'));
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0,$this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'], $this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown']);
-		}
-		return $r;
+
+		return new XML_RPC_Response(0,$this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'], $this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown']);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -466,7 +447,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Server Function:  Doc String for Method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -492,7 +472,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Server Function:  Multi-call
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -536,7 +515,6 @@
 	/**
 	 *  Multi-call Function:  Error Handling
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -556,7 +534,6 @@
 	/**
 	 *  Multi-call Function:  Processes method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
@@ -610,7 +587,6 @@
 	}
 
 }
-// END XML_RPC_Server class
 
 /* End of file Xmlrpcs.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
index e33eb4e..e91e2a2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Zip Compression Class
  *
@@ -44,21 +42,17 @@
  */
 class CI_Zip  {
 
-	var $zipdata	= '';
-	var $directory	= '';
-	var $entries	= 0;
-	var $file_num	= 0;
-	var $offset		= 0;
-	var $now;
+	public $zipdata		= '';
+	public $directory	= '';
+	public $entries		= 0;
+	public $file_num	= 0;
+	public $offset		= 0;
+	public $now;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Zip Compression Class Initialized");
-
 		$this->now = time();
+		log_message('debug', 'Zip Compression Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -68,21 +62,19 @@
 	 *
 	 * Lets you add a virtual directory into which you can place files.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed	the directory name. Can be string or array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function add_dir($directory)
+	public function add_dir($directory)
 	{
-		foreach ((array)$directory as $dir)
+		foreach ( (array) $directory as $dir)
 		{
-			if ( ! preg_match("|.+/$|", $dir))
+			if ( ! preg_match('|.+/$|', $dir))
 			{
 				$dir .= '/';
 			}
 
 			$dir_time = $this->_get_mod_time($dir);
-
 			$this->_add_dir($dir, $dir_time['file_mtime'], $dir_time['file_mdate']);
 		}
 	}
@@ -90,22 +82,22 @@
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 *	Get file/directory modification time
+	 * Get file/directory modification time
 	 *
-	 *	If this is a newly created file/dir, we will set the time to 'now'
+	 * If this is a newly created file/dir, we will set the time to 'now'
 	 *
-	 *	@param string	path to file
-	 *	@return array	filemtime/filemdate
+	 * @param	string	path to file
+	 * @return	array	filemtime/filemdate
 	 */
-	function _get_mod_time($dir)
+	protected function _get_mod_time($dir)
 	{
 		// filemtime() may return false, but raises an error for non-existing files
-		$date = (file_exists($dir)) ? filemtime($dir): getdate($this->now);
-		
-		$time['file_mtime'] = ($date['hours'] << 11) + ($date['minutes'] << 5) + $date['seconds'] / 2;
-		$time['file_mdate'] = (($date['year'] - 1980) << 9) + ($date['mon'] << 5) + $date['mday'];
+		$date = file_exists($dir) ? filemtime($dir) : getdate($this->now);
 
-		return $time;
+		return array(
+				'file_mtime' => ($date['hours'] << 11) + ($date['minutes'] << 5) + $date['seconds'] / 2,
+				'file_mdate' => (($date['year'] - 1980) << 9) + ($date['mon'] << 5) + $date['mday']
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -113,13 +105,14 @@
 	/**
 	 * Add Directory
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the directory name
+	 * @param	int
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _add_dir($dir, $file_mtime, $file_mdate)
+	protected function _add_dir($dir, $file_mtime, $file_mdate)
 	{
-		$dir = str_replace("\\", "/", $dir);
+		$dir = str_replace('\\', '/', $dir);
 
 		$this->zipdata .=
 			"\x50\x4b\x03\x04\x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
@@ -162,29 +155,26 @@
 	 * Add Data to Zip
 	 *
 	 * Lets you add files to the archive. If the path is included
-	 * in the filename it will be placed within a directory.  Make
+	 * in the filename it will be placed within a directory. Make
 	 * sure you use add_dir() first to create the folder.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function add_data($filepath, $data = NULL)
+	public function add_data($filepath, $data = NULL)
 	{
 		if (is_array($filepath))
 		{
 			foreach ($filepath as $path => $data)
 			{
 				$file_data = $this->_get_mod_time($path);
-
 				$this->_add_data($path, $data, $file_data['file_mtime'], $file_data['file_mdate']);
 			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			$file_data = $this->_get_mod_time($filepath);
-
 			$this->_add_data($filepath, $data, $file_data['file_mtime'], $file_data['file_mdate']);
 		}
 	}
@@ -194,20 +184,19 @@
 	/**
 	 * Add Data to Zip
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the file name/path
 	 * @param	string	the data to be encoded
+	 * @param	int
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _add_data($filepath, $data, $file_mtime, $file_mdate)
+	protected function _add_data($filepath, $data, $file_mtime, $file_mdate)
 	{
-		$filepath = str_replace("\\", "/", $filepath);
+		$filepath = str_replace('\\', '/', $filepath);
 
 		$uncompressed_size = strlen($data);
 		$crc32  = crc32($data);
-
-		$gzdata = gzcompress($data);
-		$gzdata = substr($gzdata, 2, -4);
+		$gzdata = substr(gzcompress($data), 2, -4);
 		$compressed_size = strlen($gzdata);
 
 		$this->zipdata .=
@@ -248,10 +237,11 @@
 	/**
 	 * Read the contents of a file and add it to the zip
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function read_file($path, $preserve_filepath = FALSE)
+	public function read_file($path, $preserve_filepath = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! file_exists($path))
 		{
@@ -260,16 +250,16 @@
 
 		if (FALSE !== ($data = file_get_contents($path)))
 		{
-			$name = str_replace("\\", "/", $path);
-
+			$name = str_replace('\\', '/', $path);
 			if ($preserve_filepath === FALSE)
 			{
-				$name = preg_replace("|.*/(.+)|", "\\1", $name);
+				$name = preg_replace('|.*/(.+)|', '\\1', $name);
 			}
 
 			$this->add_data($name, $data);
 			return TRUE;
 		}
+
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -279,15 +269,17 @@
 	 * Read a directory and add it to the zip.
 	 *
 	 * This function recursively reads a folder and everything it contains (including
-	 * sub-folders) and creates a zip based on it.  Whatever directory structure
+	 * sub-folders) and creates a zip based on it. Whatever directory structure
 	 * is in the original file path will be recreated in the zip file.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	path to source
+	 * @param	bool
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function read_dir($path, $preserve_filepath = TRUE, $root_path = NULL)
+	public function read_dir($path, $preserve_filepath = TRUE, $root_path = NULL)
 	{
+		$path = rtrim($path, '/\\').'/';
 		if ( ! $fp = @opendir($path))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
@@ -301,31 +293,27 @@
 
 		while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 		{
-			if (substr($file, 0, 1) == '.')
+			if ($file[0] === '.')
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			if (@is_dir($path.$file))
 			{
-				$this->read_dir($path.$file."/", $preserve_filepath, $root_path);
+				$this->read_dir($path.$file.'/', $preserve_filepath, $root_path);
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (FALSE !== ($data = file_get_contents($path.$file)))
 			{
-				if (FALSE !== ($data = file_get_contents($path.$file)))
+				$name = str_replace('\\', '/', $path);
+				if ($preserve_filepath === FALSE)
 				{
-					$name = str_replace("\\", "/", $path);
-
-					if ($preserve_filepath === FALSE)
-					{
-						$name = str_replace($root_path, '', $name);
-					}
-
-					$this->add_data($name.$file, $data);
+					$name = str_replace($root_path, '', $name);
 				}
+				$this->add_data($name.$file, $data);
 			}
 		}
 
+		closedir($fp);
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -334,26 +322,23 @@
 	/**
 	 * Get the Zip file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	binary string
+	 * @return	string	(binary encoded)
 	 */
-	function get_zip()
+	public function get_zip()
 	{
 		// Is there any data to return?
-		if ($this->entries == 0)
+		if ($this->entries === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$zip_data = $this->zipdata;
-		$zip_data .= $this->directory."\x50\x4b\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00";
-		$zip_data .= pack('v', $this->entries); // total # of entries "on this disk"
-		$zip_data .= pack('v', $this->entries); // total # of entries overall
-		$zip_data .= pack('V', strlen($this->directory)); // size of central dir
-		$zip_data .= pack('V', strlen($this->zipdata)); // offset to start of central dir
-		$zip_data .= "\x00\x00"; // .zip file comment length
-
-		return $zip_data;
+		return $this->zipdata
+			.$this->directory."\x50\x4b\x05\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+			.pack('v', $this->entries) // total # of entries "on this disk"
+			.pack('v', $this->entries) // total # of entries overall
+			.pack('V', strlen($this->directory)) // size of central dir
+			.pack('V', strlen($this->zipdata)) // offset to start of central dir
+			."\x00\x00"; // .zip file comment length
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -363,11 +348,10 @@
 	 *
 	 * Lets you write a file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the file name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function archive($filepath)
+	public function archive($filepath)
 	{
 		if ( ! ($fp = @fopen($filepath, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE_DESTRUCTIVE)))
 		{
@@ -387,23 +371,19 @@
 	/**
 	 * Download
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the file name
-	 * @param	string	the data to be encoded
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function download($filename = 'backup.zip')
+	public function download($filename = 'backup.zip')
 	{
-		if ( ! preg_match("|.+?\.zip$|", $filename))
+		if ( ! preg_match('|.+?\.zip$|', $filename))
 		{
 			$filename .= '.zip';
 		}
 
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->load->helper('download');
-
 		$get_zip = $this->get_zip();
-
 		$zip_content =& $get_zip;
 
 		force_download($filename, $zip_content);
@@ -414,19 +394,19 @@
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Data
 	 *
-	 * Lets you clear current zip data.  Useful if you need to create
+	 * Lets you clear current zip data. Useful if you need to create
 	 * multiple zips with different data.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function clear_data()
+	public function clear_data()
 	{
 		$this->zipdata		= '';
 		$this->directory	= '';
 		$this->entries		= 0;
 		$this->file_num		= 0;
 		$this->offset		= 0;
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/tests/Bootstrap.php b/tests/Bootstrap.php
index 39c24b2..9f89d1b 100644
--- a/tests/Bootstrap.php
+++ b/tests/Bootstrap.php
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
 
 $dir = realpath(dirname(__FILE__));
 
-
 // Path constants
 define('PROJECT_BASE',	realpath($dir.'/../').'/');
 define('BASEPATH',		PROJECT_BASE.'system/');
 define('APPPATH',		PROJECT_BASE.'application/');
 define('VIEWPATH',		PROJECT_BASE.'');
 
-
 // Prep our test environment
-require_once $dir.'/lib/common.php';
-require_once $dir.'/lib/ci_testcase.php';
+require_once 'vfsStream/vfsStream.php';
+include_once $dir.'/mocks/core/common.php';
+include_once $dir.'/mocks/autoloader.php';
+spl_autoload_register('autoload');
 
 unset($dir);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Common_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Common_test.php
index cec1298..dded2e8 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Common_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Common_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/email_helper.php');
-
-class Common_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Common_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
index b86fd34..4300865 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/Loader_test.php
@@ -1,38 +1,5 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once 'vfsStream/vfsStream.php';
-require_once BASEPATH.'/core/Loader.php';
-
-class Extended_Loader extends CI_Loader {
-	
-	/**
-	 * Since we use paths to load up models, views, etc, we need the ability to
-	 * mock up the file system so when core tests are run, we aren't mucking
-	 * in the application directory.  this will give finer grained control over
-	 * these tests.  So yeah, while this looks odd, I need to overwrite protected
-	 * class vars in the loader.  So here we go...
-	 *
-	 * @covers CI_Loader::__construct()
-	 */
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		vfsStreamWrapper::register();
-		vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory('application'));
-		
-		$this->models_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('models')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
-		$this->libs_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('libraries')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
-		$this->helpers_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('helpers')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
-		$this->views_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('views')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
-		
-		$this->_ci_ob_level  		= ob_get_level();
-		$this->_ci_library_paths	= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/', BASEPATH);
-		$this->_ci_helper_paths 	= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/', BASEPATH);
-		$this->_ci_model_paths 		= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/');
-		$this->_ci_view_paths 		= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/views/' => TRUE);
-	}
-}
-
-
 class Loader_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
 	private $ci_obj;
@@ -40,7 +7,7 @@
 	public function set_up()
 	{
 		// Instantiate a new loader
-		$this->load = new Extended_Loader();
+		$this->load = new Mock_Core_Loader();
 		
 		// mock up a ci instance
 		$this->ci_obj = new StdClass;
@@ -265,7 +232,4 @@
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
-	
-	
-	
 }
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/core/URI_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/core/URI_test.php
index 40252aa..e340ddf 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/core/URI_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/core/URI_test.php
@@ -1,41 +1,10 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH.'core/URI.php';
-
-/**
- * Extend the URI class
- *  - override contructor
- *  - override CLI detection
- */
-class URI_extended extends CI_URI {
-	
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		$test = CI_TestCase::instance();
-		$cls =& $test->ci_core_class('cfg');
-		
-		// set predictable config values
-		$test->ci_set_config(array(
-			'index_page'		=> 'index.php',
-			'base_url'			=> 'http://example.com/',
-			'subclass_prefix'	=> 'MY_'
-		));
-
-		$this->config = new $cls;	
-
-	}
-	
-	protected function _is_cli_request()
-	{
-		return FALSE;
-	}
-}
-
 class URI_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
-		$this->uri = new URI_extended();
+		$this->uri = new Mock_Core_URI();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/database/.gitkeep b/tests/codeigniter/database/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/database/.gitkeep
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
index 62559de..9cd1596 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/array_helper_test.php
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-// OLD TEST FORMAT: DO NOT COPY
-
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/array_helper.php');
-
-class Array_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Array_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
+	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
+		$this->helper('array');
+
 		$this->my_array = array(
 			'foo'		=> 'bar',
 			'sally'		=> 'jim',
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
index 662d164..17d1ef2 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/date_helper_test.php
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 <?php
-require_once BASEPATH.'helpers/date_helper.php';
 
-class Date_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Date_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
+
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('date');
+	}
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	public function test_now_local()
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/directory_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/directory_helper_test.php
index 3fae81b..3937d29 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/directory_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/directory_helper_test.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once 'vfsStream/vfsStream.php';
-require BASEPATH.'helpers/directory_helper.php';
-
-class Directory_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Directory_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
+	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
+		$this->helper('directory');
+
 		vfsStreamWrapper::register();
 		vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory('testDir'));
 		
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/email_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/email_helper_test.php
index 7324e81..a01f3d5 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/email_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/email_helper_test.php
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/email_helper.php');
+class Email_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Email_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
-	
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('email');
+	}
+
 	public function test_valid_email()
 	{
 		$this->assertEquals(FALSE, valid_email('test'));
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
index a596a03..4b9c294 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/file_helper_test.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once 'vfsStream/vfsStream.php';
-require BASEPATH.'helpers/file_helper.php';
+class File_helper_Test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class File_helper_Test extends CI_TestCase
-{
 	public function set_up()
 	{
+		$this->helper('file');
+		
 		vfsStreamWrapper::register();
 		vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory('testDir'));
 		
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/html_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/html_helper_test.php
index 553fc2b..28974b0 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/html_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/html_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/html_helper.php');
+class Html_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Html_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('html');
+	}
 	
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/inflector_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/inflector_helper_test.php
index 472e28a..9e94787 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/inflector_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/inflector_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/inflector_helper.php');
-
 class Inflector_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('inflector');
+	}
 	
 	public function test_singular()
 	{
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/number_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/number_helper_test.php
index 3322b24..4bb9a91 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/number_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/number_helper_test.php
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once BASEPATH.'helpers/number_helper.php';
-
-class Number_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Number_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
+		$this->helper('number');
+		
 		// Grab the core lang class
 		$lang_cls = $this->ci_core_class('lang');
 		
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/path_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/path_helper_test.php
index 2e6cc63..632f575 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/path_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/path_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH . 'helpers/path_helper.php';
+class Path_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Path_helper_test extends CI_TestCase 
-{
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('path');
+	}
+
 	public function test_set_realpath()
 	{				
 		$expected = getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
index a884d62..29c3d65 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/string_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/string_helper.php');
+class String_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class String_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('string');
+	}
+
 	public function test_strip_slashes()
 	{
 		$expected = array(
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
index a0866e6..584066b 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/text_helper_test.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/text_helper.php');
+class Text_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Text_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
 	private $_long_string;
 	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
+		$this->helper('text');
+		
 		$this->_long_string = 'Once upon a time, a framework had no tests.  It sad.  So some nice people began to write tests.  The more time that went on, the happier it became.  Everyone was happy.';
 	}
 	
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
index 51a8cc7..c561809 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/url_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/url_helper.php');
+class Url_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Url_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('url');
+	}
+
 	public function test_url_title()
 	{
 		$words = array(
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/xml_helper_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/xml_helper_test.php
index 49f49e1..a83fef9 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/helpers/xml_helper_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/helpers/xml_helper_test.php
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/xml_helper.php');
+class Xml_helper_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
-class Xml_helper_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+	public function set_up()
+	{
+		$this->helper('xml');
+	}
 	
 	public function test_xml_convert()
 	{
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Parser_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Parser_test.php
index b4580a4..c3d88fa 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Parser_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Parser_test.php
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH.'libraries/Parser.php';
-
-class Parser_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Parser_test extends CI_TestCase {
 	
 	public function set_up()
 	{
 		$obj = new StdClass;
-		$obj->parser = new CI_Parser();
+		$obj->parser = new Mock_Libraries_Parser();
 		
 		$this->ci_instance($obj);
 		
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
index 0208a46..13f338c 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Table_test.php
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH.'libraries/Table.php';
-
-class Table_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Table_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
 	public function set_up()
 	{
 		$obj = new StdClass;
-		$obj->table = new CI_table();
+		$obj->table = new Mock_Libraries_Table();
 		
 		$this->ci_instance($obj);
 		
@@ -103,53 +100,23 @@
 			array('data' => 'size')
 		);
 		
-		// test what would be discreet args,
-		// basically means a single array as the calling method
-		// will use func_get_args()
-		
-		$reflectionOfTable = new ReflectionClass($this->table);
-		$method = $reflectionOfTable->getMethod('_prep_args');
-		
-		$method->setAccessible(true);
-			
 		$this->assertEquals(
 			$expected,
-			$method->invokeArgs(
-				$this->table, array(array('name', 'color', 'size'), 'discreet')
-			)
+			$this->table->prep_args(array('name', 'color', 'size'))
 		);
-		
-		// test what would be a single array argument. Again, nested
-		// due to func_get_args on calling methods
-		$this->assertEquals(
-			$expected,
-			$method->invokeArgs(
-				$this->table, array(array('name', 'color', 'size'), 'array')
-			)
-		);
-		
-		
+
 		// with cell attributes
-		
 		// need to add that new argument row to our expected outcome
 		$expected[] = array('data' => 'weight', 'class' => 'awesome');
 
 		$this->assertEquals(
 			$expected,
-			$method->invokeArgs(
-				$this->table, array(array('name', 'color', 'size', array('data' => 'weight', 'class' => 'awesome')), 'attributes')
-			)
+			$this->table->prep_args(array('name', 'color', 'size', array('data' => 'weight', 'class' => 'awesome')))
 		);
 	}
 	
 	public function test_default_template_keys()
 	{
-		$reflectionOfTable = new ReflectionClass($this->table);
-		$method = $reflectionOfTable->getMethod('_default_template');
-		
-		$method->setAccessible(true);
-		
-		$deft_template = $method->invoke($this->table);
 		$keys = array(
 			'table_open',
 			'thead_open', 'thead_close',
@@ -162,29 +129,24 @@
 		
 		foreach ($keys as $key)
 		{
-			$this->assertArrayHasKey($key, $deft_template);
+			$this->assertArrayHasKey($key, $this->table->default_template());
 		}
 	}
 	
 	public function test_compile_template()
 	{
-		$reflectionOfTable = new ReflectionClass($this->table);
-		$method = $reflectionOfTable->getMethod('_compile_template');
-		
-		$method->setAccessible(true);
-		
 		$this->assertFalse($this->table->set_template('invalid_junk'));
 		
 		// non default key
 		$this->table->set_template(array('nonsense' => 'foo'));
-		$method->invoke($this->table);
+		$this->table->compile_template();
 		
 		$this->assertArrayHasKey('nonsense', $this->table->template);
 		$this->assertEquals('foo', $this->table->template['nonsense']);
 		
 		// override default
 		$this->table->set_template(array('table_close' => '</table junk>'));
-		$method->invoke($this->table);
+		$this->table->compile_template();
 		
 		$this->assertArrayHasKey('table_close', $this->table->template);
 		$this->assertEquals('</table junk>', $this->table->template['table_close']);
@@ -250,13 +212,8 @@
 	
 	public function test_set_from_array()
 	{
-		$reflectionOfTable = new ReflectionClass($this->table);
-		$method = $reflectionOfTable->getMethod('_set_from_array');
-		
-		$method->setAccessible(true);
-				
-		$this->assertFalse($method->invokeArgs($this->table, array('bogus')));
-		$this->assertFalse($method->invoke($this->table, array()));
+		$this->assertFalse($this->table->set_from_array('bogus'));
+		$this->assertFalse($this->table->set_from_array(NULL));
 		
 		$data = array(
 			array('name', 'color', 'number'),
@@ -264,7 +221,7 @@
 			array('Katie', 'Blue')				
 		);
 		
-		$method->invokeArgs($this->table, array($data, FALSE));
+		$this->table->set_from_array($data, FALSE);
 		$this->assertEmpty($this->table->heading);
 		
 		$this->table->clear();
@@ -280,7 +237,7 @@
 			array('data' => 'Blue'),
 		);
 		
-		$method->invokeArgs($this->table, array($data));
+		$this->table->set_from_array($data);
 		$this->assertEquals(count($this->table->rows), 2);
 		
 		$this->assertEquals(
@@ -296,11 +253,6 @@
 	
 	function test_set_from_object()
 	{
-		$reflectionOfTable = new ReflectionClass($this->table);
-		$method = $reflectionOfTable->getMethod('_set_from_object');
-		
-		$method->setAccessible(true);
-
 		// Make a stub of query instance
 		$query = new CI_TestCase();
 		$query->list_fields = function(){
@@ -326,7 +278,7 @@
 			'email' => array('data' => 'foo@bar.com'),
 		);
 
-		$method->invokeArgs($this->table, array($query));
+		$this->table->set_from_object($query);
 
 		$this->assertEquals(
 			$expected_heading,
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Typography_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Typography_test.php
index a0533ba..250aefb 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Typography_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Typography_test.php
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH.'libraries/Typography.php';
-
-class Typography_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class Typography_test extends CI_TestCase {
 
 	public function set_up()
 	{
 		$obj = new StdClass;
-		$obj->type = new CI_Typography();
+		$obj->type = new Mock_Libraries_Typography();
 		
 		$this->ci_instance($obj);
 		
diff --git a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/User_agent_test.php b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Useragent_test.php
similarity index 93%
rename from tests/codeigniter/libraries/User_agent_test.php
rename to tests/codeigniter/libraries/Useragent_test.php
index 6f9e871..7dad7ac 100644
--- a/tests/codeigniter/libraries/User_agent_test.php
+++ b/tests/codeigniter/libraries/Useragent_test.php
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
-require BASEPATH.'libraries/User_agent.php';
-
-// This class needs some work...
-
-class UserAgent_test extends CI_TestCase
-{
+class UserAgent_test extends CI_TestCase {
+	
 	protected $_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_7; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27';
 	protected $_mobile_ua = 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_1 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/532.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.5 Mobile/8B117 Safari/6531.22.7';
 
@@ -15,7 +11,7 @@
 		$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] = $this->_user_agent;
 
 		$obj = new StdClass;
-		$obj->agent = new CI_User_agent();
+		$obj->agent = new Mock_Libraries_UserAgent();
 
 		$this->ci_instance($obj);
 
diff --git a/tests/mocks/autoloader.php b/tests/mocks/autoloader.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd59292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/autoloader.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+// This autoloader provide convinient way to working with mock object
+// make the test looks natural. This autoloader support cascade file loading as well
+// within mocks directory.
+//
+// Prototype :
+//
+// include_once('Mock_Core_Loader') 					// Will load ./mocks/core/loader.php
+// $mock_table = new Mock_Libraries_Table(); 			// Will load ./mocks/libraries/table.php
+// $mock_database_driver = new Mock_Database_Driver();	// Will load ./mocks/database/driver.php 
+// and so on...
+function autoload($class) 
+{
+	$dir = realpath(dirname(__FILE__)).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+
+	$ci_core = array(
+		'Benchmark', 'Config', 'Controller',
+		'Exceptions', 'Hooks', 'Input',
+		'Lang', 'Loader', 'Model',
+		'Output', 'Router', 'Security',
+		'URI', 'Utf8',
+	);
+
+	$ci_libraries = array(
+		'Calendar', 'Cart', 'Driver',
+		'Email', 'Encrypt', 'Form_validation',
+		'Ftp', 'Image_lib', 'Javascript',
+		'Log', 'Migration', 'Pagination',
+		'Parser', 'Profiler', 'Session',
+		'Table', 'Trackback', 'Typography',
+		'Unit_test', 'Upload', 'User_agent',
+		'Xmlrpc', 'Zip',
+	);
+
+	if (strpos($class, 'Mock_') === 0)
+	{
+		$class = str_replace(array('Mock_', '_'), array('', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR), $class);
+		$class = strtolower($class);
+	}
+	elseif (strpos($class, 'CI_') === 0)
+	{
+		$fragments = explode('_', $class, 2);
+		$subclass = next($fragments);
+
+		if (in_array($subclass, $ci_core))
+		{
+			$dir = BASEPATH.'core'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+			$class = $subclass;
+		}
+		elseif (in_array($subclass, $ci_libraries))
+		{
+			$dir = BASEPATH.'libraries'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+			$class = $subclass;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$class = strtolower($class);
+		}
+	}
+
+	$file = $dir.$class.'.php';
+
+	if ( ! file_exists($file))
+	{
+		$trace = debug_backtrace();
+
+		// If the autoload call came from `class_exists` or `file_exists`, 
+		// we skipped and return FALSE
+		if ($trace[2]['function'] == 'class_exists' OR $trace[2]['function'] == 'file_exists')
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+	    throw new InvalidArgumentException("Unable to load $class.");
+	}
+
+	include_once($file);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/lib/ci_testcase.php b/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
similarity index 95%
rename from tests/lib/ci_testcase.php
rename to tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
index afccee0..f327e6b 100644
--- a/tests/lib/ci_testcase.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/ci_testcase.php
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 <?php
 
-
-// Need a way to change dependencies (core libs and laoded libs)
-// Need a way to set the CI class
-
 class CI_TestCase extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
 	
 	protected $ci_config;
@@ -20,7 +16,6 @@
 		'security'	=> 'sec',
 		'input'		=> 'in',
 		'lang'		=> 'lang',
-		// @todo the loader is an edge case
 		'loader'	=> 'load',
 		'model'		=> 'model'
 	);
@@ -53,6 +48,13 @@
 			$this->tear_down();
 		}
 	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	public static function instance()
+	{
+		return self::$ci_test_instance;
+	}
 	
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
@@ -67,6 +69,13 @@
 			$this->ci_config[$key] = $val;
 		}
 	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	function ci_get_config()
+	{
+		return $this->ci_config;
+	}
 	
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
@@ -158,19 +167,12 @@
 		self::$ci_test_instance = $this;
 		parent::runBare();
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	
-	public static function instance()
+	function helper($name)
 	{
-		return self::$ci_test_instance;
-	}
-	
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
-	function ci_get_config()
-	{
-		return $this->ci_config;
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'helpers/'.$name.'_helper.php');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/lib/common.php b/tests/mocks/core/common.php
similarity index 99%
rename from tests/lib/common.php
rename to tests/mocks/core/common.php
index 4a83258..fc94d7f 100644
--- a/tests/lib/common.php
+++ b/tests/mocks/core/common.php
@@ -129,4 +129,4 @@
 	return TRUE;
 }
 
-// EOF
+// EOF
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/core/loader.php b/tests/mocks/core/loader.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4b29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/core/loader.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Core_Loader extends CI_Loader {
+	
+	/**
+	 * Since we use paths to load up models, views, etc, we need the ability to
+	 * mock up the file system so when core tests are run, we aren't mucking
+	 * in the application directory.  this will give finer grained control over
+	 * these tests.  So yeah, while this looks odd, I need to overwrite protected
+	 * class vars in the loader.  So here we go...
+	 *
+	 * @covers CI_Loader::__construct()
+	 */
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		vfsStreamWrapper::register();
+		vfsStreamWrapper::setRoot(new vfsStreamDirectory('application'));
+		
+		$this->models_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('models')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
+		$this->libs_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('libraries')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
+		$this->helpers_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('helpers')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
+		$this->views_dir 	= vfsStream::newDirectory('views')->at(vfsStreamWrapper::getRoot());
+		
+		$this->_ci_ob_level  		= ob_get_level();
+		$this->_ci_library_paths	= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/', BASEPATH);
+		$this->_ci_helper_paths 	= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/', BASEPATH);
+		$this->_ci_model_paths 		= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/');
+		$this->_ci_view_paths 		= array(vfsStream::url('application').'/views/' => TRUE);
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/core/uri.php b/tests/mocks/core/uri.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b694609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/core/uri.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Core_URI extends CI_URI {
+	
+	public function __construct()
+	{
+		$test = CI_TestCase::instance();
+		$cls =& $test->ci_core_class('cfg');
+		
+		// set predictable config values
+		$test->ci_set_config(array(
+			'index_page'		=> 'index.php',
+			'base_url'			=> 'http://example.com/',
+			'subclass_prefix'	=> 'MY_'
+		));
+
+		$this->config = new $cls;	
+
+	}
+	
+	protected function _is_cli_request()
+	{
+		return FALSE;
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/database/.gitkeep b/tests/mocks/database/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/database/.gitkeep
diff --git a/tests/mocks/libraries/parser.php b/tests/mocks/libraries/parser.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81dcfb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/libraries/parser.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Libraries_Parser extends CI_Parser {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/libraries/table.php b/tests/mocks/libraries/table.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a6ff8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/libraries/table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Libraries_Table extends CI_Table {
+	
+	// Overide inaccesible private or protected method
+	public function __call($method, $params)
+	{
+		if (is_callable(array($this, '_'.$method)))
+		{
+			return call_user_func_array(array($this, '_'.$method), $params);
+		}
+
+		throw new BadMethodCallException('Method '.$method.' was not found');
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/libraries/typography.php b/tests/mocks/libraries/typography.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f76c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/libraries/typography.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Libraries_Typography extends CI_Typography {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/mocks/libraries/useragent.php b/tests/mocks/libraries/useragent.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c957cde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mocks/libraries/useragent.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<?php
+
+class Mock_Libraries_UserAgent extends CI_User_agent {}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/phpunit.xml b/tests/phpunit.xml
index abb9881..dfeecd1 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/phpunit.xml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 	stopOnSkipped="false">
 	<testsuites>
 		<testsuite name="CodeIgniter Core Test Suite">
-			<file>codeigniter/Setup_test.php</file>
+			<file>./codeigniter/Setup_test.php</file>
 			<directory suffix="test.php">codeigniter/core</directory>
 			<directory suffix="test.php">codeigniter/helpers</directory>
 			<directory suffix="test.php">codeigniter/libraries</directory>
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 			<directory suffix="test.php">codeigniter/libraries</directory>
 			<directory suffix="test.php">codeigniter/helpers</directory>
 			-->
-			
 		</testsuite>
 	</testsuites>
 	<filters>
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
index ed0b710..22235ee 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
    -  Removed previously deprecated SHA1 Library.
    -  Removed previously deprecated use of ``$autoload['core']`` in application/config/autoload.php.
       Only entries in ``$autoload['libraries']`` are auto-loaded now.
+   -  Added some more doctypes.
+   -  Updated all classes to be written in PHP 5 style, with visibility declarations and no ``var`` usage for properties.
 
 -  Helpers
 
@@ -56,9 +58,11 @@
       get_compiled_insert(), get_compiled_update(), get_compiled_delete().
    -  Taking care of LIKE condition when used with MySQL UPDATE statement.
    -  Adding $escape parameter to the order_by function, this enables ordering by custom fields.
-   -  MySQLi driver now uses mysqli_get_server_info() for server version checking.
-   -  MySQLi driver now supports persistent connections when running on PHP >= 5.3.
-   -  Added dsn if the group connections in the config use PDO or any driver which need DSN.
+   -  Improved support for the MySQLi driver, including:
+	 -  OOP style of the PHP extension is now used, instead of the procedural aliases.
+	 -  Server version checking is now done via ``mysqli::$server_info`` instead of running an SQL query.
+	 -  Added persistent connections support for PHP >= 5.3.
+   -  Added 'dsn' configuration setting for drivers that support DSN strings (PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC, CUBRID).
    -  Improved PDO database support.
    -  Added Interbase/Firebird database support via the "interbase" driver
    -  Added an optional database name parameter to db_select().
@@ -73,6 +77,11 @@
    -  Removed protect_identifiers() and renamed _protect_identifiers() to it instead - it was just an alias.
    -  MySQL and MySQLi drivers now require at least MySQL version 5.1.
    -  db_set_charset() now only requires one parameter (collation was only needed due to legacy support for MySQL versions prior to 5.1).
+   -  Added DSN string support for CUBRID.
+   -  Added persistent connections support for CUBRID.
+   -  Added DSN string support (Easy Connect and TNS) for Oracle.
+   -  Added random ordering support for MSSQL.
+   -  Added random ordering support for SQLSRV.
 
 -  Libraries
 
@@ -100,6 +109,7 @@
    -  Added function reset_validation() to form validation library, which resets internal validation variables in case of multiple validation routines.
    -  Changed the Session library to select only one row when using database sessions.
    -  Added a Wincache driver to the `Caching Library <libraries/caching>`.
+   -  Added dsn (delivery status notification) option to the :doc:`Email Library <libraries/email>`.
 
 -  Core
 
@@ -111,6 +121,7 @@
    -  Added method() to CI_Input to retrieve $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'].
    -  Modified valid_ip() to use PHP's filter_var() in the :doc:`Input Library <libraries/input>`.
    -  Added support for HTTP-Only cookies with new config option ``cookie_httponly`` (default FALSE).
+   -  Renamed method _call_hook() to call_hook() in the :doc:`Hooks Library <general/hooks.html>`.
 
 Bug fixes for 3.0
 ------------------
@@ -163,6 +174,7 @@
 -  Fixed a bug (#501) - set_rules() to check if the request method is not 'POST' before aborting, instead of depending on count($_POST) in the :doc:`Form Validation Library <libraries/form_validation>`.
 -  Fixed a bug (#940) - csrf_verify() used to set the CSRF cookie while processing a POST request with no actual POST data, which resulted in validating a request that should be considered invalid.
 -  Fixed a bug in PostgreSQL's escape_str() where it didn't properly escape LIKE wild characters.
+-  Fixed a bug in the library loader where some PHP versions wouldn't execute the class constructor.
 
 Version 2.1.1
 =============
@@ -248,11 +260,9 @@
       override them.
    -  Removed CI_CORE boolean constant from CodeIgniter.php (no longer Reactor and Core versions).
 
-
 Bug fixes for 2.1.0
 -------------------
 
-
 -  Fixed #378 Robots identified as regular browsers by the User Agent
    class.
 -  If a config class was loaded first then a library with the same name
@@ -1251,7 +1261,7 @@
 
 -  Added a language key for valid_emails in validation_lang.php.
 -  Amended fixes for bug (#3419) with parsing DSN database connections.
--  Moved the _has_operators() function (#4535) into DB_driver from
+-  Moved the _has_operator() function (#4535) into DB_driver from
    DB_active_rec.
 -  Fixed a syntax error in upload_lang.php.
 -  Fixed a bug (#4542) with a regular expression in the Image library.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
index 3805ffb..4e83929 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 	echo $this->dbutil->csv_from_result($query);
 
 The second, third, and fourth parameters allow you to set the delimiter
-newline, and enclosure characters respectively. By default tabs are
+newline, and enclosure characters respectively. By default commas are
 used as the delimiter, "\n" is used as a new line, and a double-quote
 is used as the enclosure. Example::
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/general/styleguide.rst b/user_guide_src/source/general/styleguide.rst
index d8bdd05..2b91d1c 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/general/styleguide.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/general/styleguide.rst
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
 
 	class Super_class {
 
-		function __construct()
+		public function __construct()
 		{
 
 		}
@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@
 	/**
 	 * Encodes string for use in XML
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/general/views.rst b/user_guide_src/source/general/views.rst
index dc65f6c..9b7c9da 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/general/views.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/general/views.rst
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 	<?php
 	class Blog extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->view('blogview');
 		}
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@
 
 	class Page extends CI_Controller {
 
-	   function index()
-	   {
-	      $data['page_title'] = 'Your title';
-	      $this->load->view('header');
-	      $this->load->view('menu');
-	      $this->load->view('content', $data);
-	      $this->load->view('footer');
-	   }
+		public function index()
+		{
+			$data['page_title'] = 'Your title';
+			$this->load->view('header');
+			$this->load->view('menu');
+			$this->load->view('content', $data);
+			$this->load->view('footer');
+		}
 
 	}
 	?>
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 	<?php
 	class Blog extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$data['title'] = "My Real Title";
 			$data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
 	<?php
 	class Blog extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$data['todo_list'] = array('Clean House', 'Call Mom', 'Run Errands');
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/html_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/html_helper.rst
index 2e21789..17c28cd 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/html_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/html_helper.rst
@@ -325,24 +325,44 @@
 The following is a list of doctype choices. These are configurable, and
 pulled from application/config/doctypes.php
 
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| Doctype                | Option                   | Result                                                                                                                    |
-+========================+==========================+===========================================================================================================================+
-| XHTML 1.1              | doctype('xhtml11')       | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">                         |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| XHTML 1.0 Strict       | doctype('xhtml1-strict') | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">             |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| XHTML 1.0 Transitional | doctype('xhtml1-trans')  | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| XHTML 1.0 Frameset     | doctype('xhtml1-frame')  | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">         |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| XHTML Basic 1.1        | doctype('xhtml-basic11') | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">             |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| HTML 5                 | doctype('html5')         | <!DOCTYPE html>                                                                                                           |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| HTML 4 Strict          | doctype('html4-strict')  | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">                                |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| HTML 4 Transitional    | doctype('html4-trans')   | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">                    |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| HTML 4 Frameset        | doctype('html4-frame')   | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">                     |
-+------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Doctype                       | Option                       | Result                                                                                                                                           |
++===============================+==============================+==================================================================================================================================================+
+| XHTML 1.1                     | doctype('xhtml11')           | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">                                                |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML 1.0 Strict              | doctype('xhtml1-strict')     | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">                                    |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML 1.0 Transitional        | doctype('xhtml1-trans')      | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">                        |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML 1.0 Frameset            | doctype('xhtml1-frame')      | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">                                |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML Basic 1.1               | doctype('xhtml-basic11')     | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">                                    |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| HTML 5                        | doctype('html5')             | <!DOCTYPE html>                                                                                                                                  |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| HTML 4 Strict                 | doctype('html4-strict')      | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">                                                       |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| HTML 4 Transitional           | doctype('html4-trans')       | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">                                           |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| HTML 4 Frameset               | doctype('html4-frame')       | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">                                            |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| MathML 1.01                   | doctype('mathml1')	       | <!DOCTYPE math SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd">                                                                           |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| MathML 2.0                    | doctype('mathml2')           | <!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">                                             |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| SVG 1.0                       | doctype('svg10')             | <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">                                       |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| SVG 1.1 Full                  | doctype('svg11')             | <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">                                               |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| SVG 1.1 Basic                 | doctype('svg11-basic')       | <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Basic//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd">                                   |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| SVG 1.1 Tiny                  | doctype('svg11-tiny')        | <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Tiny//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd">                                     |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML+MathML+SVG (XHTML host) | doctype('xhtml-math-svg-xh') | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">    |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML+MathML+SVG (SVG host)   | doctype('xhtml-math-svg-sh') | <!DOCTYPE svg:svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd"> |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML+RDFa 1.0                | doctype('xhtml-rdfa-1')      | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">                                          |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| XHTML+RDFa 1.1                | doctype('xhtml-rdfa-2')      | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd">                                          |
++-------------------------------+------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/email.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/email.rst
index 27b704d..d7e40f5 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/email.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/email.rst
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
 **newline**         \\n                    "\\r\\n" or "\\n" or "\\r"   Newline character. (Use "\\r\\n" to comply with RFC 822).
 **bcc_batch_mode**  FALSE                  TRUE or FALSE (boolean)      Enable BCC Batch Mode.
 **bcc_batch_size**  200                    None                         Number of emails in each BCC batch.
+**dsn**             FALSE                  TRUE or FALSE (boolean)      Enable notify message from server
 =================== ====================== ============================ =======================================================================
 
 Email Function Reference
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/file_uploading.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/file_uploading.rst
index 90efca9..d573fc7 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/file_uploading.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/file_uploading.rst
@@ -90,24 +90,24 @@
 
 	class Upload extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function __construct()
+		public function __construct()
 		{
 			parent::__construct();
 			$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));
 		}
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->view('upload_form', array('error' => ' ' ));
 		}
 
-		function do_upload()
+		public function do_upload()
 		{
-			$config['upload_path'] = './uploads/';
-			$config['allowed_types'] = 'gif|jpg|png';
-			$config['max_size']	= '100';
-			$config['max_width']  = '1024';
-			$config['max_height']  = '768';
+			$config['upload_path']		= './uploads/';
+			$config['allowed_types']	= 'gif|jpg|png';
+			$config['max_size']		= 100;
+			$config['max_width']		= 1024;
+			$config['max_height']		= 768;
 
 			$this->load->library('upload', $config);
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/form_validation.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/form_validation.rst
index 5d7368c..3e8855f 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/form_validation.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/form_validation.rst
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 
 	class Form extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
 
 	class Form extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->helper(array('form', 'url'));
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/xmlrpc.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/xmlrpc.rst
index 3b94576..dfb8811 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/xmlrpc.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/xmlrpc.rst
@@ -184,10 +184,10 @@
 
 	class My_blog extends CI_Controller {
 
-	    function new_post($request)
-	    {
+		public function new_post($request)
+		{
 
-	    }
+		}
 	}
 
 The $request variable is an object compiled by the Server, which
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
 
 	class Xmlrpc_client extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->helper('url');
 			$server_url = site_url('xmlrpc_server');
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
 
 	class Xmlrpc_server extends CI_Controller {
 
-		function index()
+		public function index()
 		{
 			$this->load->library('xmlrpc');
 			$this->load->library('xmlrpcs');
@@ -357,15 +357,17 @@
 		}
 
 
-		function process($request)
+		public function process($request)
 		{
 			$parameters = $request->output_parameters();
 
 			$response = array(
-								array(
-										'you_said'  => $parameters['0'],
-										'i_respond' => 'Not bad at all.'),
-								'struct');
+						array(
+							'you_said'  => $parameters[0],
+							'i_respond' => 'Not bad at all.'
+						),
+						'struct'
+					);
 
 			return $this->xmlrpc->send_response($response);
 		}
@@ -419,9 +421,9 @@
 ::
 
 	$parameters = $request->output_parameters();
-	$name = $parameters['0']['name'];
-	$size = $parameters['1']['size'];
-	$size = $parameters['1']['shape'];
+	$name = $parameters[0]['name'];
+	$size = $parameters[1]['size'];
+	$size = $parameters[1]['shape'];
 
 **************************
 XML-RPC Function Reference